Atomic Structure THE ATOM. The Structure of the Atom Subatomic Particles Protons Neutrons Electrons Nucleus The Neutral charge of atoms Borh’s Model of.

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Presentation transcript:

Atomic Structure THE ATOM

The Structure of the Atom Subatomic Particles Protons Neutrons Electrons Nucleus The Neutral charge of atoms Borh’s Model of the atom Valence Electrons Lewis Dot Structures

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES We now know that atoms are made up of sub atomic particles. What does the word subatomic mean?

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES The prefix sub means: of a smaller size or lower level. The word atomic means: relating to an atom. Subatomic means smaller than the atom.

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – PROTONS Protons have a positive charge. The charge of 1 proton is 1+ Protons are located in the center of the atom is an area known as the nucleus. The number of protons determines the type of atom. The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. The mass of a proton is 1 amu.

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – PROTONS Protons have a positive charge. +

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – PROTONS We now know that protons have a positive charge. What does it mean for a particle to have a charge?

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – PROTONS Answer: It means that the particle has the ability to attract or repel other charged particles.

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – PROTONS The charge of 1 proton is 1+ + The Overall charge is 1+

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – PROTONS If the charge of 1 proton is 1+ what is the charge of 5 protons?

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – PROTONS Answer: The Overall charge is

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – PROTONS Protons are located in the center of the atom is an area known as the nucleus.

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – PROTONS The number of protons is the only factor determines the type of atom.

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – PROTONS The number of protons is the only factor determines the type of atom. Is the proton from a gold atom the same as a proton from an oxygen atom? Why or why not?

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – PROTONS Yes, they are exactly the same! A proton is a proton. The atom changes only when the amount of protons change.

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – PROTONS The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – PROTONS Look at your periodic table. What is the atomic number of calcium (Ca)?

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – PROTONS Answer: Calcium has 20 protons therefore, the atomic number of calcium is 20. Atomic Number

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – PROTONS The mass of 1 proton is 1 amu. (don’t forget the amu)

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – NEUTRONS Neutrons have no charge (better know as being neutral). The charge of 1 neutron is not positive or negative but it is neutral. Neutrons are located in the center of the atom is an area known as the nucleus. The mass 1 neutron is the same as 1 proton.

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – NEUTRONS The mass 1 neutron is the same as the mass of 1 proton. What is the mass of 1 neutron? Mass: 1+0

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – NEUTRONS Answer: The mass of 1 neutron is: 1 amu

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – ELECTRONS Electrons have a negative charge. The charge of 1 electron is 1- Electrons are located in an area far away from the nucleus called the electron cloud. The electrons travel around the nucleus are extremely high speeds.

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – ELECTRONS One sulfur atom has: 16 protons 16 neutrons 16 electrons What is the charge of this sulfur atom?

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – ELECTRONS One sulfur atom has: 16 protons with a charge of neutrons with a charge of 0 16 electrons with a charge of (neutral)

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – ELECTRONS The mass of 1 electron is sooooooooooooooooo...

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – ELECTRONS Sooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – ELECTRONS Tiny that we are going say that 1 electron has a mass of 0 amu.

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – ELECTRONS If the mass of electrons are 0 then how is the mass of the entire atom calculated?

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES – ELECTRONS Answer: From the mass of the protons and the mass of the neutrons. Mass of proton Mass of neutron The mass number

THE NUCLEUS The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. The nucleus is found in the center of the atom.

THE NUCLEUS The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. What is the charge of the nucleus? Why?

THE NUCLEUS The nucleus is positive! The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons, since the neutrons are neutral the charge of the protons dominate.

THE NEUTRAL CHARGE OF ATOMS The charge of an atom is neutral because 1 proton and 1 electron has equally opposite charges. (despite the size difference) 1+ 1-

THE NEUTRAL CHARGE OF ATOMS Think of it as a tug – o – war match..

THE NEUTRAL CHARGE OF ATOMS Think of it as a tug – o – war match

THE NEUTRAL CHARGE OF ATOMS Think of it as a tug – o – war match

BORH’S MODEL OF THE ATOM

VALENCE ELECTRONS Valence electrons are the electrons found in the very last shell. (at the highest energy level) Valence electrons are very important because they determine how reactive atoms are. (reactive is how much they want to chemically react with other atoms)

VALENCE ELECTRONS

LEWIS DOT STRUCTURES Lewis dot structures are created using only valence electrons.