August 13, Real Time RF Testing

Tektronix Arbitrary Signal Generators

3 Enter Digital RF Technology  Full Power of Digital Computing Has Now Arrived in the Wireless World  Digital RF is Highly Complex Technology Environment –Gigahertz frequencies –Mixed signal environment –Multiple radios in single platform –Time and frequency domains  Increasing Digital RF Performance –Increasing signal speeds and complexity –Bursting, hopping, transients, make verification and troubleshooting difficult  „Polluted“ RF Channels Digital RF Transceiver Down Conversio n Base-band Signal Processing ADC I/Q Demodulator LNA RF VCO DigitalAnalog Digital Baseband Radio Frequency 1/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

4 Time Can No Longer Be Ignored  Digital RF has a new set of design challenges –New Time Domain Issues –At what point in time do I hop to a new channel? –At what point in time do I change to high speed transmit mode ? –Traditional Frequency Domain Issues –What channel am I transmitting on ? –What is the signal power level ?  Engineers need to understand both frequency and time domain issues …  New demands on engineers require new generation of tools to meet needs of digital RF Time Domain Frequency Domain Computer World RF World 1/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

5 RF Test Applications AWG7000C for Wideband RF Test Applications Applications –Radar –OFDM signal creation –Nonlinear device Characterization –UWB / WiMedia AWG7000C’s unique value proposition –AWGs are capable of generating any modulation type without any specialized hardware, placing a carrier frequency up to 9.6GHz. –Simultaneous multiple, dissimilar signal generation capability (multi-carrier). –Create signals with Modulation BW (1dB) up to 3.5GHz –Multiple impairments can be easily added to the signal. –Pre-distortion techniques are easy to implement.

August 13, Direct Synthesis with AWGs  Variable Rate Clock Steps Through an Arbitrary Waveform Memory  The Digitized Signal is Converted to Analog, Filtered & Output  High Sample Rates & DAC Precision Now Enable Direct Synthesis Attenuator Output Low-Pass Filter Memory DAC Amplifier Digital to Analog Arbitrary Waveform Variable Clock 5, 10 & 20 GS/s AWG Simplified Block Diagram

August 13,  Create, Replicate and Generate any kind of signal… …Ideal, distorted or “real-world” including  Jitter, Noise, other artifacts or anomalies  Pre/de-emphasis  Multi-level signaling Introducing AWG7000 AWG7000 In Action 3rd Party Software Tektronix Oscilloscope

Application Example 1: Base-Band I–Q Generation  Create separate I and Q channels and up-convert to RF  Base-Band Signals are at lowest frequencies  Highest Over- Sampling  Higher over sampling means better dynamic range  This approach can require more external hardware I/Q Modulator RF VCO PA AWG

Application Example 2: Capture and Playback  Replay signals captured on other instruments –RSA –Scope –Logic analyzer  Playback signal in desired format –RF/IF –Baseband I/Q  Edit captured signals for margin testing RFXpress on AWG RTSA RFXpress on PC IQ Analog, IF, RF Analog, IF, RF

RFXpress – Simplifies Signal Generation for RF applications  Baseband (IQ) and IF/RF  Multi-carrier generation  Ideal or impaired signals  Replay captured waveforms  Sequencing enables complex scenarios  Pulsed Signals  Frequency Hopping Signals

August 13, AWG7000C for Wideband RF Test Applications Creating Complex Radar Waveforms  Ultimate flexibility in creating radar waveforms − Pulse, Pulse train, Pulse Group  Supports a variety of Modulation schemes including − LFM, Barker and Poly phase Codes, Step FM, Non-Linear FM, User Defined FM  Add impairments −Ripple, droop, overshoot

RFXpress – Complete Flexibility Create RF signals with user defined:  Number of Carriers (1-512)  Data to be modulated  Modulation type  Carrier Frequency  Power Ramping  IQ Impairments  RF Distortion  Multipath effects  Interference …All on a carrier by carrier basis!

AWG7000C: One instrument, 3 Configurations Base Instrument Amplified Output Low-Pass Filter DAC Attenuator Amplifier Variable Clock Memory Direct DAC Output Attenuator AWG7122CAmplified OutputDirect DAC Output Sample Rate12 GS/s Channels22 Max Frequency4.8 GHz Modulation BW (1db)420 MHz1.7 GHz Modulation BW (3db)740 MHz2.9 GHz Rise Time350 ps75 ps Amplitude-22 dBm to +10 dBm-22 dBm to +4 dBm Switching Time208 ps

AWG7000C with option 02 Wideband output path (2 Channel) DAC Variable Clock Memory Wideband output AWG7122CWideband output Sample Rate12GS/s Channels2 Max Frequency4.8 GHz Modulation BW (1db)2.5 GHz Modulation BW (3db)4.3 GHz Rise Time35 ps Amplitude-2 dBm to +4 dBm Switching Time208 ps

AWG7000C with option 06 Wideband output path (2 Channel) or High data rate path (1 Channel) DAC Variable Clock Memory Wideband Output (Ch 1) High Data Rate Interleaved Output Combiner AWG7122CWideband OutputInterleaved Output Sample Rate12GS/s24GS/s Channels21 Max Frequency4.8 GHz9.6 GHz Modulation BW (1db)2.5 GHz3.5 GHz Modulation BW (3db)4.3 GHz6.2 GHz Rise Time35 ps42 ps Amplitude-2 dBm to +4 dBm Switching Time208 ps104 ps DAC Memory Wideband Output (Ch 2)

August 13, AWG5000 Series Most Versatile Signal Generator for Today’s Complex Signals Ideal solution for versatile mixed waveform generation with 14-bit vertical resolution up to 1.2GS/s, 4 analog, and 32 digital channel outputs Unique combination of analog and digital output performance allows you to generate analog and digital IQ, as well as IF signals in a single instrument AWG7000 Series The Ultimate in Wideband Signal Generation Create Wideband RF signals up to 3.5GHz wide Create high-speed test signals at up to 6 Gigabits per second w ith up to 24 GS/s Exceptional versatility and easy-to-use interface lets you streamline your design process and find answers fast 16 Signal Generators AWG5000 and 7000 Series

AWG7122C - 3 Different Configurations AWG7122C Amplifie d Output Direct DAC Output Wideband output Wideband Output Interleaved Output Sample Rate12 GS/s 24GS/s Channels22221 Max Frequency4.8 GHz 9.6 GHz Modulation BW (1db) 420 MHz1.7 GHz2.5 GHz 3.5 GHz Modulation BW (3db) 740 MHz2.9 GHz4.3 GHz 6.2 GHz Rise Time350 ps75 ps35 ps 42 ps Amplitude -22 dBm to +10 dBm -22 dBm to +4 dBm -2 dBm to +4 dBm Switching Time208 ps 104 ps Amplified OR Wideband OR Wideband & High Data Rate (Base Unit) (Option 02) (Option 06)

AWG5000 Series Banner Specs AWG5002CAWG5012CAWG5014C Max Sample Rate600MS/s1.2GS/s Analog Output224 Digital Output14 (opt. 03) Not Available Memory 16M per channel (std) 32M per channel (opt 01) Markers448 Max Frequency240MHz480MHz DAC Resolution14 Bits Spurious Free Dynamic Range 80dBc (1Mhz, 600MS/s), 1.0Vp-p

Tektronix Spectrum Analyzers

20 Simplified Analyzer Block Diagrams The Real-Time Difference Modern FFT Based Analyzers Vector Signal Analyzer (VSA) Swept Tuned Spectrum Analyzer (SA) Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer (RTSA) 1/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

21 The DPX Transform Engine Discrete Fourier Transform Display Color Grading Pixel Buffer Memory RFTransform Sample SetsDFT SpectrumsPixel HistogramTemp. Grading Micro- Processor ADC Corrections DDC/ Decimation DPX™Memory DPX™ Analog RF To Digital Conversion 1 Hz to 20 GHz Up to 300 MSPS ADC’s 14 bit 48,828 to 292,969 DFT/s 1464 to >14,000 DFT/Frame 10 to 33 Frame/s 1/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

22 Digital Phosphor Perspective Live RF with Digital Phosphor DPX ™  Digital Phosphor Spectrum provides Live RF view  Highest spectrum measurement rate in the industry  100’s of times faster than conventional analyzers 1/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

See all activity simultaneously across 110 MHz Band? No Competing Solutions 23 RTSA Can Do What Others Cannot 1/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W RTSA No Problem

Industry’s First Real-time Signal Analysis  DPX now applied to multiple domains –Amplitude, frequency or phase vs. time Conversion To Amp., Freq., or Phase Display Color Grading Pixel Buffer Memory RFAnalysis Sample Sets Amp., Freq., Phase Vs. Time Pixel HistogramTemp. Grading Micro- Processor ADC Corrections DDC/ Decimation DPX™Memory DPX™ Analog RF To Digital Conversion 1 Hz To 20 GHz 300 MS/s Up to 50,000 Waveforms/sec Up to 2500 Waveforms/Frame 20 frames/sec 241/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

25 DPX Multi Domain Analysis  The only analyzers that view live amplitude, frequency or phase vs. time –DPX amplitude vs. time is 1,000 times faster than zero span in a conventional analyzer –Find and measure RF amplitude transients missed by other analyzers  DPX phase or frequency vs. time brings this capability to multiple domains –Find and measure phase or frequency transients missed by post-processed VSA analysis 1/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

26 Industry’s Best Triggers  Opt. 200 on RSA5/6000  Signal density: Trigger on how frequently a signal occupies a user- defined range of frequency and amplitude  Time-qualified and runt triggers –User defined on-times, off-times or levels produce trigger  Frequency-edge –Triggers when a user-set frequency occurs Catch the one bad pulse Catch the frequency transient Trigger on density 1/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

WLAN Before Interference WLAN Synchronized WLAN Not Synchronized WLAN During Interference Interfering Bluetooth Signal A New Approach to RF Signal Measurement Bluetooth burstsWLAN Signal

28 Tektronix Spectrum Analyzers RSA5000ARSA6000A DPO/DSA with SignalVu Use Lab Frequency Range 1 Hz-6.2 GHz 9kHz – 6.2/14/20 GHz DC – 20 GHz Analysis Bandwidth 25/40/85 MHz40 / 110 MHz20 GHz DPX Live RF ✓✓ DPX 100% POI 31 to 5.8µs40 / 24 / 10.3 µsTime Domain DPX Swept and Multi-Doman DPX and DPX Density™ Trigger ✓✓ Frequency Domain Triggering ✓✓ Vector Signal Analysis ✓✓✓ 1/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

RSA5000 Series Signal Analyzer  Industry’s first real-time signal analyzer –DPX amplitude, frequency, phase vs. time  High performance real-time analysis now in the mid- range –25/40/85 MHz acquisition bandwidth –Advanced real-time with swept DPX, advanced triggers and multi-domain analysis available  Mid-Range spectrum and vector signal analysis –1 Hz to 6.2 GHz frequency range –+17 dBm TOI and -154 dBm/Hz DANL at 2 GHz  Superior low frequency performance –-131 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, 10 MHz carrier –-150 dBm DANL at 10 kHz 291/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

30 RSA6000 Series  Reinventing Swept Spectrum Analysis – Swept DPX –Wideband signal search with highest probability of detection  Breakthrough DPX Density™ Trigger –Trigger on This™ –Trigger on signals within signals  Time-domain Triggering –Runt, time qualified, holdoff triggers  Multi-domain, Time-correlated Analysis High Performance Traditional Specs 9 kHz – 20 GHz frequency range +17 dBm TOI -151 dBm DANL ± 0.5 dB Amplitude Accuracy Unmatched RTSA Attributes -73 dBc SFDR 40/110 MHz RT BW 1 GB capture memory VSA - Support for 25 modulations Pulse Measurement Suite 21 automatic measurements 1/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

31 SignalVu Up to 33 GHz RF measurements on Tektronix Scopes  Vector Signal Analysis Software for DPO7000 and DPO/DSA70000 Series Oscilloscopes –RF Measurements –Modulation Analysis –Pulse Parameters –Automated Tests  Use an Oscilloscope Like a Vector Signal Analyzer –Quick validation of common tests –Time-correlated multi-domain analysis –Automatically characterize pulses –Same SW running on RSA6000 –Better results with less equipment RF measurements integrated with Scope functionality for Spectrum Analysis and Multi Domain correlation Vector Signal Analysis 21 modulation types Pulse Measurement Suite 27 automatic vector and scalar measurements 1/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

Lab Solution: Phase Noise / Jitter Measurement (Option 11) for the RSA5000/6000  Easy phase noise and jitter measurements –10 Hz to 1 GHz offset range –Automated carrier tracking and dynamic range optimization –Measures integrated noise/jitter over defined bandwidth, and at cardinal frequency offsets in measurement results table 321/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

Lab Solution: General-purpose Modulation Analysis (Opt. 21) for the RSA5000/6000  Modulations supported –π/2 DBPSK, BPSK, SBPSK, QPSK, DQPSK,  /4DQPSK, D8PSK, 8PSK, OQPSK, SOQPSK, CPM, 16/32/64/256 QAM, MSK, 2/4/8/16-FSK C4FM  Measurements –EVM (RMS, Peak,, EVM vs Time) –Magnitude Error (RMS, Peak,, Magnitude Error vs Time) –Phase Error (RMS, Peak,, Phase Error vs Time) –Waveform Quality (RHO) –Frequency Error, Origin Offset, Gain Imbalance, Quadrature Error  Displays –Constellation, EVM, phase and magnitude error vs. time –Frequency deviation, I and Q vs. time –Symbol table, eye diagram, trellis 331/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

Lab Solution: Flexible OFDM Analysis (Opt. 22) for the RSA5000/6000  Analysis for – a/g/j – fixed WiMax  Measurements –Symbol clock error, frequency error, average power, peak-to- average, CPE –EVM(rms and peak) for all carriers  Displays –Sub-carrier vs power – EVM, OFDM power phase error, frequency error, magnitude error vs. time, –Channel frequency response 341/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

Lab Solution: Advanced Pulse Measurements (Opt. 20) for the RSA5000/6000  Vector and scalar measurements on up to 10,000 pulses  27 measurements including impulse response, pulse-to-pulse frequency and phase error, pulse width, duty cycle, transmit power  Measurement analysis including histogram, FFT of results and measurement trend vs. time 351/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

36 RSA5000 Series Product Summary Specifications and FeaturesRSA 5103ARSA5106A Frequency Range 1 Hz GHz1 Hz GHz Acquisition Bandwidths 25 MHz (Standard). 40 MHz (Opt. 40). 85 MHz (Opt 85) Acquisition Memory 1 GB (Standard). 4 GB (Opt. 53) Third-order intercept +17 dBm at 2 GHz Displayed Average Noise Level (Preamp Off) -150 dBm at 10 kHz -154 dBm at 2 GHz Displayed Average Noise Level (Preamp ON) -158 dBm/Hz at 1 MHz -163 dBm/Hz at 2 GHz Phase Noise at 10 kHz offset 10 MHz Carrier 1 GHz Carrier -131 dBc/Hz -109 dBc/Hz DPX Signal Processing Rate 48,000 spectrums/sec (standard) 292,000 spectrums/sec, 50,000 amplitude, frequency or phase vs. time (Opt. 200) Minimum Signal Duration, 100% Probability of Intercept 31 us (standard) 5.8 us (Opts. 85, 200) Standard Measurements Channel Power, Adjacent Channel Power, Multicarrier Adjacent Channel Power/Leakage Ratio, Occupied Bandwidth, Noise Marker, RF IQ vs. Time, Power vs. Time, Frequency vs. Time, Phase vs. Time, CCDF, Peak-to-Average Ratio, Spurious Mask, Spectrum Emission Mask Advanced Measurement Options Opt 11: Phase noise and jitter. Opt. 12: Frequency and phase settling time Opt. 20: Advanced Pulse Measurements. Opt. 21: General Purpose Modulation Analysis. Opt 22: Flexible OFDM Analysis. Opt 200: Swept DPX, Real Time Multi-Domain Analysis with Density, Runt, Time-Qualified and Frequency Triggers Other Options Opt. 52: Frequency Mask Trigger. Opt. 53: Increased Acquisition Memory (4 GB total). Opt. 56: Removable Hard Disk Drive. Opt. 57: CD/DVD. Opt. 59: Internal Hard Disk Drive. Opt. 55: Digital I and Q outputs 1/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W

37 RSA6000 Series Product Summary Specifications and FeaturesRSA 6106A/6114ARSA6120A Frequency Range 9 kHz – 6.2 / 14 GHz9 kHz – 20 GHz Acquisition Bandwidths 40 Standard, 110 MHz (Opt. 110) Acquisition Memory 256 MB(Standard). 1GB (Opt. 02) Third-order intercept (Typical) +17 dBm at 2 GHz +17 dBm at 18 GHz Displayed Average Noise Level (Preamp Off) -149 dBm at 2 GHz -135 dBm/Hz at 10 GHz (RSA6114A) -149 dBm/Hz at 2 GHz -143 dBm/Hz at 10 GHz -138 dBm/Hz at 20 GHz Displayed Average Noise Level (Preamp ON) 10 MHz to 3 GHz -167 dBm/Hz at 2 GHz Phase Noise at 10 kHz Offset 1 GHz Carrier 10 GHz carrier 20 GHz carrier -106 dBc/Hz -106 dBc/Hz (RSA6114A) -106 dBc/Hz -112 dBc/Hz -108 dBc/Hz DPX Signal Processing Rate 48,000 spectrums/sec (standard) 292,000 spectrums/sec, 50,000 amplitude, frequency or phase vs. time (Opt. 200) Minimum Signal Duration, 100% Probability of Intercept 31 us (standard) 5.8 us (Opt. 200) Standard Measurements Channel Power, Adjacent Channel Power, Multicarrier Adjacent Channel Power/Leakage Ratio, OccupiedBandwidth, Noise Marker, RF IQ vs. Time, Power vs. Time, Frequency vs. Time, Phase vs. Time, CCDF, Peak-to-Average Ratio, Spurious Mask, Spectrum Emission Mask Advanced Measurement Options Opt 11: Phase noise and jitter. Opt. 12: Frequency and Phase Settling Time Opt. 20: Advanced Pulse Measurements. Opt. 21: General Purpose Modulation Analysis. Opt 22: Flexible OFDM Analysis. Opt 200: Swept DPX, Real Time Multi-Domain Analysis with Density, Runt, Time-Qualified and Frequency Triggers Other Options Opt. 01: Preamp, Opt. 02: Frequency Mask Trigger and 1 GB Acquisition Memory,Opt. 06: Removable Hard Disk Drive Opt.07: CD/DVD. Opt. 08: Removable Solid-State Drive, Opt. 05: Digital I and Q and Analog IF Outputs 1/11 © 2011 Tektronix 37W