Lubrication: – The process of reducing friction between moving surfaces Lubrication Friction: –Resistance created when one surface rubs on another –Slows movement of parts –Generates heat –Increases wear –Events: particles - expansion - seizure

Lubrication Forms of lubricants – Dry (powder) –Semi dry (grease) –Viscous (oil) Function of engine oil –Lubricate –Clean –Cool –Cushion –Seal

Lubrication SAE Society of Automotive Engineers Viscosity The ability of liquid to resist flowing SAE Index / Viscosity Index –Listing of viscosities Examples of viscosities (weights) –10w 20w 30w 40w 50w 60w 80-90w –5w30 10w30 10w40 20w50

Lubrication SAE Viscosity / Grade 5W30 and 30

Lubrication SAE Viscosity / Grade 5W30 and 10W30

LUBRICATION A.P.I. –American Petroleum Institute –Service index List of ratings determining oil application (SJ) Service manual / oil application / climate Oil additives improve oil performance –Detergents –Anti-rust / Anti-corrosion –Oxidation inhibitors –Anti-foam –Dispersant

LUBRICATION A.P.I. American Petroleum Institute –Service index List of ratings determining oil application (SJ)

LUBRICATION Types of lubricating systems –Four cycle systems reuse oil –Two cycle systems burn oil with fuel –Two and Four cycle systems oils CAN NOT be interchanged

LUBRICATION Four cycle lubricating systems –Splash dipper

LUBRICATION Four cycle lubricating systems –Splash dipper

LUBRICATION Four cycle lubricating systems –Splash Paddle Wheel

LUBRICATION Four cycle lubricating systems –Barrel Pump

LUBRICATION Four cycle lubricating systems –Barrel Pump

LUBRICATION Four cycle lubricating systems –Positive displacement Pump

LUBRICATION Four cycle lubricating systems –Full flow system –Positive displacement Pump

LUBRICATION Two cycle lubricating systems (Total loss) –Premix gas and oil –Oil injection

LUBRICATION Two cycle lubricating mixtures –Mixture ratio - amount of gasoline to oil –Examples: 16:1 32:1 40:1 50:1

LUBRICATION How oil gets dirty. –Blow – by gasses –Particles from engine parts –Dirt from checking oil levels

LUBRICATION Changing engine oil and filter –To reduce wear –Cars 3 mos. or 3000mi. –Small engines 30 – 50 hrs. or each season