The Middle Ages/Medieval Period

William the Conqueror

Plantagenet

Lancaster

York

Henry II: increase royal power control the church indirectly murdered Thomas a Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury

Richard I: considerable political and military ability  model of a true knight fought in the Crusades  sought Holy Relics  gave to the poor  Richard the Lion-Hearted killed in battle in France

Richard II:  uncle was John of Gaunt, ruled briefly in his place peasants’ revolt of 1389 confiscated the lands of the House of Lancaster, belonging to John of Gaunt, when John died  John’s son, Henry Bolingbroke, invaded and took over

Henry IV:  House of Lancaster  spent much of his reign just trying to establish himself  had to quell many rebellions  son (Henry V) maintained close relationship with Richard II

Edward IV: and  House of York  encouraged William Caxton and his printing press

MANOR home of the lord and the land around it SERFS completely dependent on overload SOCIAL LIFE farming, herding, church DAY TO DAY These matters were seen to by knights and serfs. FEUDALISM

Imperialism London Scotland Wales Ireland France Territories extending southeast into Holy Land

KNIGHTHOOD  not necessarily passed on from generation to generation  did not have to be nobility to be a knight  went on local quests  went to fight the French went on crusades to the Holy Land jousted in tournaments

Chivalry Code of behavior for all knights Honorable Courteous Generous Brave Skillful in battle Merciful Respectful to woman Helpful to the weak

Roman Catholic Church-united all people from kings to serfs in one common faith and church This church in Rottingdean, East Sussex, is nearly 1000 years old. It was made of stone and built to last. It would have been much larger than a Medieval peasant's cruck house.

Ely Cathedral site of Christian worship since 673 was originally a monastery sacked by Danes in 870s This structure was built after the Norman Conquest. became a cathedral in 1109

Crusades series of military campaigns between late 1000s and late 1200s usually approved by the Pope combination of war/pilgrimage aimed to take Jerusalem back from the Moslems

Hundred Years War between England and France English were eventually driven out of France England had major victories over France and Scotland

Monastery life self-sufficient community day consumed with work and prayer between prayers monks were permitted to write and transcribe wrote and studied in Latin also spoke other common languages opened to weary travelers

120 churches

London Bridge

Life in London street games wealthy merchants hunting on horseback ice-skating on sheep bone skates narrow and twisting streets most buildings made from wood and straw center of commerce and trade

The Black Death: Bubonic plague killed 1/3 of population of London occurred world-wide, killing estimated 75 million serious blow to the Roman Catholic Church- “live for the moment” likely spread by the fleas on rats

Guilds people learned through apprenticeships covered all kinds of skills, from barrel- making to money- management series of steps to progress through, including craftsman and master Guildhall in London

Herding British wool became famous herding replaced farming in importance cottages were turned into mills textile industry began

Printing Press Gutenberg: 1440s movable type 1476-William Caxton brought to London English dialect of London became available to much wider audience writing became more standard-less influenced by copying preferences and errors