SEMINAR ON FM STEREO & SATELLITE BROADCASTING 30 TH APRIL, 2009 INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS, ISLAMABAD HOSTED BY: ENGR. MUHAMMAD SARFRAZ ALAM

FM BROADCAST BAND 88 – 108 MHZ No. of channels: 200 Band width of a FM Station: 200 KHZ Frequency Deviation: + 75 KHZ Total Swing: 150 KHZ Safe Band: +25 KHZ

STANDARD FIELD STRENGTH REQUIRED FOR BIG CITIES 72 db u 1210 uv/m URBAN CENTRES60 db u 1000 uv/m RURAL AREAS34 db u 50 uv/m

If sound mixer has one output channel,even if there are many inputs the result will be mono sound. With mono technique, only depth in sound can be created But we don’t know which source is on the left or right of microphone. So mono technique creates 1d sound.

To create Directions to sound sources we must have : TWQ channels to carry the sound Two outputs in a sound mixer Two channels in all THE SOUND equipment. It creates two dimensional sound. It produces a SOUND PANAROMA between loudspeakers.

3d sound can be produced with the technique of DUMMY HEAD STEREO. It works only on head phone. It is not compatible to loud speakers.

FM STATIONS IN RAWALPINDI/ ISLAMABAD FREQUENCY (MHZ) STATIONTIMINGS 89.00Private24 hours 90.60IIUI1500 – Radio One24 hours 91.60AIOU PBC24 hours PBC NewsFrequent 96.00PrivateTesting 96.60FJWU1200 – Sunrise24 hours

FREQUENCY (MHZ) STATIONTIMINGS 98.00PBC Rwp.24 hours 99.00Power FM24 hours Private24 hours PBC Ibd.24 hours Private PBC24 hours NUML0830 – Rawalakot24 hours HUM24 hours

Examples T x 10kw10dBk N80%-1dB attenuation 4 Bay Antena from table 10.2 P8kw6.1dB A.G.4 Bay4.1 power gain erp32kw200ft high erp = = 15dB SFS-erp = = 45dB 20 mile SFS-erp = = 19dB

T x 2kw2.5dB n80%-1dB feeder line attenuation AG 4 Bay 4 6.1dB, 200 ft high Erp = = = 7.6 dB SFS-erp = = 26.4 dB, coverage 50 mile SFS-erp = = 52.4 dB 15 mils

T x 1kw0dB T/2 n 80%-1dB AG 4 Bay6.1 dB erp = = 5.1 dB SFS – erp = = 28.9 dB45 mile = 54.9 dB12mile

Establishment of FM Radio Stations Site/Building: The FM Radio Station may be established in a building having an area of about one to two Kanal. Following accommodation is required:- 1.Room size:16’x20’ for the studio 2.Room size:12’x14’ for transmitter and allied equipment. 3.Room size:12’x14’ for computer/server and audio library 4.Room size:12’x14’ for sales office 5.Room size:12’x12’ administration/accounts office 6.Room size:16’x20’ for programme staff. Open plot of 12’x12’ is required for the erection of 150’ high self supporting mast.

Equipment:  1 KW FM Transmitter along with antenna, transmission line (100 meter in length). EtcRs million  150 feet high self supporting mast:Rs million  Studio equipment comprising Microphone (4 Nos.)Rs million Digital Audio Console, CD/DVD Players (2 Nos) Dual Cassette Deck )2 Nos) Mini Disc Recorder (one for OB) Audio Rack, Monitor amplifier, Loud Speakers (4 Nos).  Computer, server, Ups 5 KVA, softwares,Rs million Time Delay Machine:  Studio Telephone Hybrid, Auto Telephone,Rs million Voltage Stabilizer (8 KVA)  Split Type Air Conditioner (6x1.5 Ton)Rs million  Diesel Generator 20KVARs million  Installation material for acoustic tr5eatmentRs million of studios, wires, cables and copper sheets.  Office and studio furniture and furnishing.Rs million  Power supply connection charges:Rs million  Installation Engineers fee and albour charges,Rs million Transportation of equipment charges etc. Suzuki van with POL etc.Rs million Total Rs million

Requirements for Computerized Studio-Make Slide

Thanks