 Blade ◦ Flat expanding part of leaf  Bud ◦ Growing tip of stem  Leaflet ◦ Blade of a compound leaf  Leaf scar ◦ Mark where leaf WAS attached.

 Node ◦ Place on stem where leaf is attached  Petiole ◦ Leaf stalk  Sessile ◦ Leaf or leaflet withOUT a stalk  Veins ◦ Vascular tissue of leaf (think your own veins).

 Adherent ◦ Grown together  Alternate ◦ Leaf arrangement, leaflet offset from one side to the other side  Compound leaf ◦ Has two or more distinct leaves or leaflets  Opposite ◦ Leaflets are directly across from each other

 Palmate ◦ Veins or leaflets spreading from a common center  Pinnate ◦ Arranged on two sides  Whorl ◦ Three or more leaves arising at the same node

 Acute ◦ Sharp, pointed  Awl shaped ◦ Tapering to a sharp point  Cordate ◦ Heart shaped  Elliptical ◦ Rounded about equally at each end

 Entire or smooth ◦ Margin without teeth or lobes, widest below middle  Lanceolate ◦ Long and narrow with wider base  Linear ◦ Long and narrow WITH parallel margins  Oblong ◦ At least twice as long as wide

 Obovate ◦ Broadest above the middle  Ovate ◦ Egg shaped, broadest below the middle  Serrate ◦ Has teeth, think saw blade  Undulate ◦ Has a wavy edge

 Aromatic ◦ Pleasant smelling  Ciliate ◦ Margin (edge) has hairs  Conifer ◦ Doesn’t lose leaves each year (has cones)  Deciduous ◦ Sheds all leaves each year  Samara ◦ Type of winged fruit

 Trees of Wisconsin Trees of Wisconsin ◦ /tree_list_by_common.htm  Leaf ID Leaf ID ◦ m  Tree Leaf ID Tree Leaf ID ◦ m

 Includes Birches, Alders, and Hazelnuts  Simple alternate serrated leaves  Used for some woodwork- veneers and cabinets  Pulp and some twigs used for wintergreen  Fire starting  Examples- Paper Birch, Yellow Birch.

 Includes- Beeches, Chestnuts, and OAKS  Most have simple alternate leaves  Produces a nut or an acorn  Oaks- divided into two groups  Red and White Oaks.

 Mostly pointed lobed leaves  Acorns bitter with inside of shells having hair  Examples- Red Oak and Pin Oak (deep lobes).

 Mostly rounded lobed leaves  Acorns are sweet with inside of shells hairless  Examples- White Oak and Bur Oak (acorn shells are fringed, leaves slightly larger).

 Examples- American Elm, Slippery Elm, and Chinese Elm (introduced)  Leaves are simple, alternate and serrated  Pinnately veined, short stemmed  Often lopsided base  Fruit a Samara.

 Includes Maples and Box Elders  Paired winged seeds (helicopters).

 Examples- Sugar, Red, and Silver Maple  Leaves opposite  Leaves palmately lobed and veined.

 Pinnate Compound leaves  Pinnate veins.

 Examples- White, Green, and Black Ash  Almost always opposite and pinnately compound  Difficult for exact ID  Fruit is a Samara with a single wing.

 Consists of Willows, Poplars and Aspens  Leaves simple, alternate, deciduous  Dioecious- separate male and female trees.

 Examples- Black, Peachleaf, Sandbar, and Pussy Willow  Weeping Willow is an introduced species  Leaves usually longer than wide  Single bud cover  Exact identification is difficult.

 Examples- Cottonwood, Balsam Poplar, Quaking Aspen  Broad, alternate leaves with long stems  Serrated (toothed)  Multiple scale covers.  Rapid growth with soft wood.

 Includes Walnuts, Hickories  Leaves are alternate and pinnately compound  Wood highly valued.

 Examples- Black Walnut, Butternut  Fruit (nut) when ripens husk does not split  Shell corrugated  Chambered pith  Many leaflets.

 Examples- Bitternut hickory, Pecan (not abundant naturally in the area)  Few leaflets  Husk splits when ripe  Shell smooth  Pith solid.

 Contains Apple, Cherry, Plum, Peach, Pear…  and Mountain Ash.

 Contains plants such as clover and alfalfa as well as Acacia trees and Honeylocusts.

 Contains Basswoods.

 Buckthorn  Dogwood  Olive  Catalpa  Honeysuckle

 Contains: Pines (hard and soft), Larches (Tamaracks), Spruces, Hemlocks, Douglas Firs, and True Firs  Leaves evergreen- except Larches are deciduous  Leaves needle like or linear; singular, in bundles, or in brushlike clusters.  Fruit in the form of a woody cone.

 Example- White Pine  Needles are usually in bundles of 5 (occasionally 1-4)  Sheath on needles is shed  Cones are usually stalked and scales do NOT have prickles.

 Examples- Red Pine (Norway), Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, and Ponderosa Pine  Needles are usually in bundles of 2 or 3 (occasionally 5-8)  Sheath stays on needles  Cones usually with thick woody scales with prickles.

 Example- Tamarack  Deciduous  Soft, flat needles grow in clusters  Cones.5 to 2 inches long, grow UPRIGHT, stay attached for several years.

 Examples- Black Spruce, White Spruce, Blue Spruce  Sessile, rigid, and often prickly needles  Needles often have a square cross section  Needles are singular on woody peg like base  Cones are pendant (hang down) with light woody scales.

 Example- Eastern Hemlock  Needles usually flat  Cone hangs from tip of branch.

 Example- Douglas Fir, Fraser Fir  Needle with a petiole  Small, Raised leaf scar  Flat needles  Pendant cones with bracts.

 Example- Balsam Fir  Sessile Needles  Needle lacks petiole  Silvery lines on underside of needle  Needle flattened  Branch has round depressed leaf scars  Cone is UPRIGHT and disintegrates as it matures.

 Examples- Cedar, Cypress, Junipers  Scalelike foliage  Most of the trees in this family have aromatic wood.

 Example- White Cedar (foliage used for tea and bark for vitamin C), Western Redcedar  Have flattened branchlets.

 Examples- Common Juniper, Eastern Red cedar  Have rounded branchlets and may be awl like (pointed)  Cones are semi fleshy and often blue or reddish-brown,.2 inches in diameter (berries).

 Similar to Junipers but with large woody cone.