MEGACITIES

Definition of megacity The definition of a megacity is arbitrary and has changed over time. In the ancient world, Rome was considered a megacity with its one million inhabitants.

CAN YOU GUESS THE 23 CITIES? The United Nations defines megacities as cities with 10 million citizens or more. A megacity is a complex organism and its development is largely a spontaneous process. It is not an entity that can be totally designed. The United Nations identified 23 cities as being megacities in 2011. CAN YOU GUESS THE 23 CITIES?

MEGACITIES ACCORDING TO THE UNITED NATIONS 2011 1. Tokyo, Japan 2. Delhi, India 3. Mexico City, Mexico 4. New York-Newark, USA 5. Shanghai, China 6. Sao Paulo, Brazil 7. Mumbai (Bombay), India 8. Beijing, China 9. Dhaka, Bangladesh 10. Kolkata (Calcutta), India 11. Karachi, Pakistan 12. Buenos Aires, Argentina 13. Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA 14. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 15. Manila, Philippines 16. Moscow, Russian Federation 17. Osaka-Kobe, Japan 18. Istanbul, Turkey 19. Lagos, Nigeria 20. Cairo, Egypt 21. Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 22. Shenzhen, China 23. Paris, France

INTERESTING FACTS In 1800, only 3% of the world's population lived in cities By the end of the 20th century, 47% lived in cities In 1950, there were 83 cities with populations exceeding one million In 2007, this number had risen to 468 If the trend continues, the world's urban population will double every 38 years The UN forecasts that today's urban population of 3.2 billion will rise to nearly 5 billion by 2030, when three out of five people will live in cities. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megacity

The United Nations predicted that the number of megacities will grow to 37 by the year 2025! Here are the predicted new cities that will join the megacity list: Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo Chongqing, China Bangalore, India Jakarta, Indonesia Medras, India Wuhan, China Tianjin, China Hyderabad, India Lima, Peru Chicago, USA Bogota, Columbia Bangkok, Thailand Lahore, Pakistan London, United Kingdom

Typed list of the United Nation’s 23 Megacities for 2011 The Megacities Projected for 2025

DOT MAP VIDEO Each dot represents 1 million people. Video shows the population growth in the world since 179 A.D. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZPk2quRmKE&feature=related

Find the megacities on a world map and identify them. ACTIVITY: Find the megacities on a world map and identify them.

WORLD MAP http://www.mapsofworld.com/

WORLD MAP http://www.mapsofworld.com/ Answer Key #16 #23 #4 #1 #18 #8 #13 #5 #2 #17 #20 #19 #11 #21/22 #3 #9 #7 #10 #15 #14 #6 #12

FYI: http://www.mapsofworld.com/ Great websites for maps – simply click on a country and all the options open. map of the country maps for labeling assignments maps of the region maps showing longitude/latitude information about the country flag

Megacities Map/Population Analysis This activity has three parts: Using an internet site, students analyze the population growth of megacities from the year 2000 to 2025. Using the same internet location, students analyze maps to determine the continents the megacities are located on. Using the same internet location, students will find and label the megacities on a world map. Megacities Map/Population Web Quest

Why is the topic of megacities important? There are three reasons: What happens in the megacities is affecting the rest of the world They are the key instruments of social and economic development; they are indicators of present and future conditions They offer new markets to the rest of the world http://www.nae.edu/Publications/Bridge/UrbanizationEngineering/MegacitiesandtheDevelopingWorld.aspx

Why is this phenomenon happening? Causes of megacities growth in Earth’s population gains in agricultural productivity economic opportunities are greater In summary, megacities attract those who are seeking a better life -- a higher standard of living, better jobs, fewer hardships, and better education.

ACTIVITY: Each group will create and build a megacity using Lego building blocks.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIv_ROYOSe8&feature=related (5:13) MUSIC AND VIDEOS TO BUILD MEGACITIES BY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIv_ROYOSe8&feature=related (5:13)

LEGO TOWN PLAN Lego has a kit for building towns that you could use with your students. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYRbRGOaWXw&feature=related

Current population = 36.7 million TOKYO, JAPAN Current population = 36.7 million Estimated population 2025 = 37.1 million

Current population = 22.2 million DELHI, INDIA Current population = 22.2 million Estimated population 2025 = 28.6 million

Current population = 19.5 million MEXICO CITY, MEXICO Current population = 19.5 million Estimated population 2025 = 20.7 million

Current population = 20.4 million NEW YORK CITY Current population = 20.4 million Estimated population 2025 = 20.6 million

Current population = 19.9 million SAO PAULO, BRAZIL Current population = 19.9 million Estimated population 2025 = 23.7 million

Current population = 14.6 million DHAKA, BANGLADESH Current population = 14.6 million Estimated population 2025 = 20.9 million

Current population = 15.6 million CALCUTTA, INDIA Current population = 15.6 million Estimated population 2025 = 20.1 million

POSITIVES ATTRIBUTES OF MEGACITIES 1. arts and culture atmosphere/events/ opportunities educational opportunities higher paying jobs/economic opportunities 4. 5. 6.

INTRODUCTION VIDEO http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MspweP1rxA8 This video is a parody showing Larry King talking to Mr. Longo’s Social Studies class.

NEGATIVE ATTRIBUTES OF MEGACITIES (PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES) These will become obvious as we watch videos about problems in megacities. Get your pen ready . . . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Look and listen to identify DHAKA Look and listen to identify problems in Dhaka http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoMifNO4w6s&feature=related (7:29)

NEGATIVE ATTRIBUTES OF MEGACITIES (PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES) 1. trash pollution 2. slums 3. traffic congestion 4. water pollution 5. lack of basic needs – electricity/water 6. civil unrest 7. housing shortages/homelessness

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzuHNRkqQNY (3:00) RIO DE JANEIRO http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzuHNRkqQNY (3:00)

NEGATIVE ATTRIBUTES OF MEGACITIES (PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES) 1. trash pollution 2. slums 3. traffic congestion 4. water pollution 5. lack of basic needs – electricity/water 6. civil unrest 7. housing shortages/homelessness 8. transportation political fighting lack of basic sanitation pollution of beaches and natural resources

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ceFQLvNFl1A (3:06) LAGOS, NIGERIA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ceFQLvNFl1A (3:06)

NEGATIVE ATTRIBUTES OF MEGACITIES (PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES) 1. trash pollution 2. slums 3. traffic congestion 4. water pollution 5. lack of basic needs – electricity/water 6. civil unrest 7. housing shortages/homelessness 8. transportation political fighting lack of basic sanitation pollution of beaches and natural resources inadequate infrastructure (roads) public transportation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sR4Magthxpc (4:03) MEXICO CITY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sR4Magthxpc (4:03)

NEGATIVE ATTRIBUTES OF MEGACITIES (PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES) 1. trash pollution 2. slums 3. traffic congestion 4. water pollution 5. lack of basic needs – electricity/water 6. civil unrest 7. housing shortages/homelessness 8. transportation political fighting lack of basic sanitation pollution of beaches and natural resources inadequate infrastructure (roads) public transportation air pollution lack of recreation areas health risks/diseases

DID WE MISS ANY? WHAT ABOUT: land shortages economic dependence on state/ federal governments ozone and environmental harms ability to react to natural disasters . . .

SOLUTIONS Many solution ideas can be found in the National Geographic megacities series. You will also find solution ideas discussed when the problems were discussed in the videos and articles. Let’s watch a few videos that discuss solutions specifically.

IBM HELPS RIO BECOME A SMARTER CITY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6NX8Lq7E8E&feature=g-user-u&context=G26d681fUCGXQYbcTJ33aUYCQW1slaYzSZ8MWdO8Orov7pMNNTPfA (2:38)

SEOUL’S CREATIVE SOLUTIONS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U__zc08YpjQ (7:46)

FUTURISTIC TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS http://www.forumforthefuture.org/project/megacities-move/overview (4:48) Go to: First top video on the left, right under project videos. Unfortunately, the other videos don’t work. Future Trends of Transportation

Cartoon that shows life with Vee MEGACITY OF THE FUTURE Cartoon that shows life with Vee http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34yooRLLWpY (4:04)

MEGACITIES STUDENT ACTIVITIES – Page 1 http://www.mckinsey.com/tools/Wrappers/Wrapper.aspx?sid={C84CB74F-A3B1-47B1-8265-6252F6D85B68}&pid={4F5BEDB1-6C1F-4243-A052-83ADBABE82DF} Interactive globe that students can turn and see the cities’ population; completely different perspective than the typical flat, one dimensional maps. Suggestions: Let students explore and create a list of the largest megacities based on the information provided.   2. http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/bigcities.htm - Lists the top most populated cities in the world (most coincide with the UN list of megacities). This website shows a picture of the cities’ skyline. With just a click, you can go to Google Earth to see an aerial view. With another click, you can go to the city’s official website that contains lots of information and pictures of the city. Suggestion: This would be a great filler if you have a few minutes left after a web quest or internet activity.

MEGACITIES STUDENT ACTIVITIES – Page 2 3. http://www.dkquiz.com/index.php/quizzes/play/megacities Multiple choice questions about megacities. Even though it says easy, you are going to have to know your stuff! Suggestion: This could be used after studying megacities for a few weeks.   4. http://www.city-infos.com/list-of-megacities-2011/ List of megacities as of 2011. Links to each city’s statistics. 5. http://www.jenniferarias.org/2/post/2012/03/megacities-activity-due-monday-april-2.html Thanks to Mrs. Arias for posting her megacity geography assignment. This website has links that list the top megacities. It has a great world map that can be downloaded. Great cross-curricular assignment!

MEGACITIES STUDENT ACTIVITIES – PAGE 3 6. http://www.megacities.uni-koeln.de/documentation/ - Megacity Task Force map with megacities marked and links for information about each megacity. Suggestions: Megacities Map Analysis Part A (determining the change in population from 2000 to 2025 and ranking, Part B (determining continents), Part C (mapping each megacity). 7. http://www.purposegames.com/game/megacities-quiz - interactive game where students find the megacities on a map; perfect follow up for any of the map assignments!

MEGACITIES STUDENT ACTIVITIES – PAGE 4 8. Part 1: http://tuoitrenews.vn/cmlink/tuoitrenews/education/studying-english-with-tuoi-tre-news/articles/megacities-1.35688 A short reading about Megacities with reading hints, a vocabulary list and definitions, and other English questions. Part 2: Follow this reading with this vocabulary crossword puzzle: http://www.tuoitrenews.vn/cmlink/tuoitrenews/education/studying-english-with-tuoi-tre-news/vocabulary/crossword-puzzle-vocabulary-from-megacities-article-1.38326 Suggested level: 5th, 6th

WEB QUESTS – Page 1 http://zunal.com/webquest.php?w=155961 Created by our own Jennilea Campbell! Has links to websites and uses the six step process to analyze the readings and ends with an online game! 2. http://faculty.chemeketa.edu/tvanslyk/classes/d1r/megacities/green/index.html I found this one on the internet. It starts with an elementary reading passage with an interesting drop down vocabulary exercise. Next, it has an assignment where a group researches a megacity (Lagos, Mexico City, Dhaka, Mumbai, Jakarta or Sao Paulo). It has hints on how to research, evaluation rubrics, and many links to the megacities listed. Great for 5th and 6th graders.  

Mega-Cities Project Transfers Web Quest WEB QUESTS – Page 2 3.http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/rwilkins/urbanization_web_quest.htm Found on internet. Urbanization web quest   4. http://advantronsample2.com/default.asp Website discusses problems and solutions that are shared with megacities. Web quest forms were created. Mega-Cities Project Transfers Web Quest 5.http://www.forumforthefuture.org/project/megacities-move/overview Forum for the future discusses future modes of transportation. Web quest worksheets were created. (Mentioned earlier under solutions.) Future Trends of Transportation Web Quest

MEGACITIES WEB QUEST RESEARCH PROJECT Go to: Megacities Web Quest Research Project (This link contains innumerable videos and articles broken into Megacity categories.)

GAMES 1. http://www.freeflashgameonline.com/megacity.html Megacity - building a city free online game – Please preview before using 2. http://cs.r2games.com/sign_up.php Megacity - building a city – Please preview before using  

HELPFUL SUPPLIES AVAILABLE TO PURCHASE   Andrew Marr’s Megacities DVD - http://www.bbcshop.com/documentary-dvds/andrew-marrs-megacities-dvd/invt/av9875/ Megacities DVD - http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0169024/ National Geographic Megacities DVD - http://www.amazon.co.uk/National-Geographic-Nat-Geo-Megacities/dp/B003TFS8TI National Geographic magazine, November 2002 – article on megacities http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_trksid=p5197.m570.l1313&_nkw=National+Geographic+magazine+November+2002+&_sacat=267 http://spice.stanford.edu/catalog/megacities_in_the_asiapacific_region_focusing_on_their_environmental_impact/ - Analyzes problems in each of the megacities. Target group: high school students.

FUTURISTIC VIEW OF MEGACITIES AND THE WORLD AND INVENTIONS Page 1 1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34yooRLLWpY Megacities on the move – Communicity 4:04 - Cartoon Life of Vee in the future megacity. 2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0CUa9ldnt0&feature=topics – 3:59 - Cartoon Life of Vee in a future city full of futuristic ideas. Suggestion: have students write down all the futuristic ideas that are presented in this video and then have a class discussion. 3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U__zc08YpjQ Global 3000 Megacity Seoul 7:46 – futuristic apartments are here!

FUTURISTIC VIEW OF MEGACITIES AND THE WORLD AND INVENTIONS Page 2 4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hzax5li9tb4 World Expo Shanghai: Drive to 2030 – 3:12 – shows GM’s future cars and ways to solve transportation problems 5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXYzqEjx6I8 The World in 2050: Megacities – 1:05 - This is a multi-scenario series that gives one view of what the world will be like in 2050. This section is about megacities, but if you are studying the future, the other scenarios would round out the topic.

Future Trends of Transportation FUTURISTIC VIEW OF MEGACITIES AND THE WORLD AND INVENTIONS Page 3 6. http://www.forumforthefuture.org/project/megacities-move/overview - Megacities on the move 4:48 Video of various futuristic transportation options. Kids will love it! Go to: First top video on the left, right under project videos. Unfortunately, the other videos don’t work. Future Trends of Transportation

MEGACITIES ARTICLES – Page 1 1. http://megacities.usc.edu/assets/002/62519.pdf USC workshop on megacities – discusses problems in six areas – higher level readers 2. http://www.newgeography.com/content/002808-world-urban-areas-population-and-density-a-2012-update introduces the top cities and short summary on a few of them 3. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/mar/22/un-cities-mega-regions simple straightforward, about megacities and large cities combining 4. http://inhabitat.com/china-planning-to-construct-a-mega-city-the-size-of-switzerland/ about China’s megacities 5. http://behindthewall.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/02/09/6009034-the-rise-of-asias-megacities?lite about China’s growth and building rate 6. http://www.forbes.com/sites/megacities/2011/04/04/the-problem-with-megacities/ Forbes magazine, the problems with megacities 7. http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate-uk/2011/10/31/as-world-population-hits-7-billion-megacities-pose-growing-risks/ - Reuters looks at the problems megacities face

MEGACITIES ARTICLES – Page 2 8. http://www.uctc.net/access/37/access37_megacities_traffic.pdf Five page article that discusses traffic congestion and megacities. 9. http://www.citymayors.com/society/megacities_mumbai.html Discusses slums in the megacities – Lots of links to other articles on the left hand side 10. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/lagos-inside-the-ultimate-megacity-1945246.html A longer article, but has personal insights into living in Lagos. 11. http://www.mexicocityexperience.com/green_living/#container Discusses the things that Mexico City has done to improve its environmental problems. Also has a short video (2:50) 12. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6989473.stm China and the future of megacities 13. http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/environment/how-not-to-make-a-megacity - negative side of Lagos 14. http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/environment/how-to-build-a-green-city Shanghai builds a green city – 3-4 page article

MEGACITIES ARTICLES – Page 3 15. http://spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/mass-transit/how-to-keep-18-million-people-moving Sao Paulo’s massive bus system is discussed in this 3 page article 16. http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/the-smarter-grid/how-to-blackoutproof-a-city Mumbai and its power problems are analyzed in this 3 page article 17. http://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/security/how-to-fight-crime-in-real-time Discusses how New York fights its crime problem 18. http://www.iadb.org/idbamerica/index.cfm?thisid=2429&lanid=1 Brazil’s problem with street children and orphans 19. http://www.iadb.org/idbamerica/index.cfm?thisid=2977&lanid=1 How Brazil is helping the children of the megacities 20. http://www.iadb.org/idbamerica/index.cfm?thisid=1429 The Rebuilding of Brazil’s slums 21. http://web.idrc.ca/en/ev-5145-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html Brazil is recycling tires to help the environment

MEGACITIES ARTICLES – Page 4 22. http://yearofplanetearth.org/content/downloads/Megacities.pdf - Targeted toward high school students. I included it because of the Space Invasion section on p. 10. It was the only article I found that discusses what happens when megacities run out of space. 23. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304447804576411673210182348.html# High Speed Train Links Beijing-Shanghai (couldn’t get videos to open, but article shows a solution to transportation problems). 24. http://www.viewsoftheworld.net/?p=1590 - overview or intro to megacities

RESOURCES FPS Power Point Links Activities Web Quests Games Supplies to Purchase 2. Megacity Videos and Articles 3. Megacity Readings

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXrJdOD5syo&feature=related

Problems give humans the opportunities to challenge themselves intellectually, emotionally, and physically. I hope you are as confident as I am that humans will join together to solve the problems that megacities face so that everyone’s world is a BEAUTIFUL DAY!!