The Long Range Plan for Nuclear Physics The LRP working group “After the big meeting” Richard Seto University of CA, Riverside RHIC-AGS User’s Group – Washington APS Meeting April 29, 2001

4/29/01 APS RHIC-AGS User's Meeting R. Seto What happens Every ~6 Years the DOE/NSF nuclear charges NSAC with defining a ~5-10 year plan for nuclear physics Begins with Town meetings in all fields of Nuclear Physics Low energy nuclear physics Astrophysics, Neutrinos, and Symmetries Relativistic Heavy Ions (we had several meetings) Electron scattering NSAC(30 people)+30 other “wise folks” then get together for a week and hammer out a final set of recommendations (Santa-Fe: Jan 28-Feb 2, 2001) Chaired by James Symons NSAC folks: Me, Tim Hallman, Wit Busza, Leslie Bland Wise folks: Barbara Jacak, Bill Zajc, Steve Vigdor, Larry McLerran, Al Mueller, Peter Bond, Dave Herzog ~Oct 1

4/29/01 APS RHIC-AGS User's Meeting R. Seto The money ~400M/year for DOE/NSF Nuclear Physics What was on the table at Santa Fe? RIA – the decadal project ~$1B Mid size stuff ~$100M JLAB-12 GeV Upgrade : gluonic excitations, GPD’s, intermediate Q 2 ORLAND :  from SNS Underground Lab : large scale double beta decay, proton decay, solar  Lots of support in community – gets an A+ Most of funding is from NSF Requested support of community Nuclear Science will construct some detectors RHIC II EIC – electron ion collider Small Stuff A fact of life You want big money? – build something big : CEBAF, RHIC,…RIA

4/29/01 APS RHIC-AGS User's Meeting R. Seto The LRP document Recommendations Increased funding for research and facility operations RIA (Rare Isotope Accelerator) The underground Lab JLAB 12 GeV upgrade “Initiatives” Small stuff and big stuff including RHIC/EIC R and D RHIC II

4/29/01 APS RHIC-AGS User's Meeting R. Seto The recommendations Recommendation 1 Recent investments by the United States in new and upgraded facilities have positioned the Nation to continue its world- leadership role in nuclear science. The highest priority of the nuclear science community is to exploit the extraordinary opportunities for scientific discoveries made possible by these investments. Increased funding for research and facility operations is essential to realize these opportunities.  Specifically, it is imperative to  Increase support for facility operations – especially our unique new facilities RHIC, CEBAF, and NSCL – which will greatly enhance the impact of the nation’s nuclear science program.  Increase investment in university research and infrastructure, which will both enhance scientific output and educate additional young scientists vital to meeting national needs.  Significantly increase funding for nuclear theory, which is essential for developing the full potential of the scientific program.

4/29/01 APS RHIC-AGS User's Meeting R. Seto RIA – the Rare Isotope Accelerator Recommendation 2 The Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) is our highest priority for major new construction. RIA will be the world-leading facility for research in nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics. The exciting new scientific opportunities offered by research with rare isotopes are compelling. RIA is required to exploit these opportunities and to ensure world leadership in these areas of nuclear science. RIA will require significant funding above the nuclear physics base. This is essential so that our international leadership positions at CEBAF and at RHIC be maintained.

4/29/01 APS RHIC-AGS User's Meeting R. Seto The underground Lab and the JLAB upgrade Recommendation 3 We strongly recommend immediate construction of the world’s deepest underground science laboratory. This laboratory will provide a compelling opportunity for nuclear scientists to explore fundamental questions in neutrino physics and astrophysics. Recommendation 4 We strongly recommend the upgrade of CEBAF at Jefferson Laboratory to 12 GeV as soon as possible.

4/29/01 APS RHIC-AGS User's Meeting R. Seto The “initiatives” (in random order) RHIC/EIC R and D Both for machine and detectors Gamma Tracking (for RIA type experiments) Cold Neutrons (SNS) RHIC II Lattice QCD/Teraflops scale computing Super Nova Calculations ORLAND

4/29/01 APS RHIC-AGS User's Meeting R. Seto What is in it for us? Increased funding for RHIC, for our contracts, and for theory as first priority RIA built with new money A clause protecting funding for RHIC R and D for RHIC II/electron-ion Collider, machine (electron cooling) and detectors For our theory colleagues – Tera-flops computing (Lattice+cascade codes etc) In the distance – RHIC II/EIC

4/29/01 APS RHIC-AGS User's Meeting R. Seto A (risky) guess at a time line Now R and D for RHIC II machine and detectors J-Lab ~ 2005 Formal proposal for RHIC II ~2005 Next LRP ~2007 RIA ~ 2010 (a reasonable guess) RHIC II construction RHIC II ~2013(WAOG) “O for optimistic” Electron Ion Collider ~2015 (WAOG)

4/29/01 APS RHIC-AGS User's Meeting R. Seto Time scale ~2010 Cost $1B (~$840M) Will reach previously unstudied isotopes (r-process) Intensity ~100x greater than any planned facility Science Nuclear Astrophysics Structure of nuclei Precision tests of conservation laws Applications What is RIA?? An innovative new accelerator for rare exotic nuclei Stable isotopes RIA Unstable istopes

4/29/01 APS RHIC-AGS User's Meeting R. Seto The Science of RIA One example: Nature of Nuclear Matter What are the limits of stability? I.e. how extreme can you go in N/Z (neutron drip line, proton drip line) An example – When you go to very neutron rich isotopes, the magic numbers probably change This dictates the rates of various reactions in the r- process – the rapid neutron capture process So what?

4/29/01 APS RHIC-AGS User's Meeting R. Seto The Science of RIA – origin of the elements Did you know that we are all children of the Stars? Elements heavier than iron produced in the r-process We don’t understand it We don’t really know where it occurs in super-nova? or perhaps in merging neutron stars? We have not been able to produce the most relevant nuclei RIA will make these nuclei accessible

4/29/01 APS RHIC-AGS User's Meeting R. Seto A very successful process The Nuclear physics community has succeeded in constructing very large ($1B) projects CEBAF RHIC Now RIA/Underground lab The community is a powerful one Broad (disparate) interests BUT UNIFIED! Noted by OMB I have come to admire the process, the leadership and the results Despite some unhappiness at times during the meeting,

4/29/01 APS RHIC-AGS User's Meeting R. Seto “ We are stardust We are golden We are billion-year-old carbon And we got to get ourselves Back to the garden” Joni Mitchell