AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT EFFORTS INKARACHI INKARACHI NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF URBAN AIR QUALITY OF PAKISTAN (December , 2004) Lahore, Pakistan (December , 2004) Lahore, Pakistan MALIK ZAHEER-UL-ISLAM

KARACHI MASS TRANSIT

KARACHI MASS TRANSIT CELL AREA (DISTRICT)3,520 Sq.Km URBAN AREA1,800 Sq.Km POPULATION (ESTIMATED)14 Million POPULATION GROWTH RATE4% CITY PROFILE Growth Trend

KATCHI ABADIES 550 (55% OF POPULATION) ROAD NETWORK7400 KM REGISTERED VEHICLES1.3 MILLION COMPOSITION PRIVATE CARS45 % MOTOR CYCLES 38 % MCRS 3 % TAXIS3.2% BUS / MINI-BUSES1.6% TRUCKS1.6% OTHERS (D-VANS, PICKUPS ETC.) 7.6% AVERAGE VEHICLE INCREASE / DAY203 CITY PROFILE- Contd

ANNUAL VEHICLE GROWTH 13% SOLID WASTE GENERATION 8000 TONS/DAY INDUSTRIAL AREAS AREA (ACRES)NO. OF PLOTS SITE (1947) KORANGI (1961) NORTH KARACHI (1983) TYPE OF INDUSTRIES : ENGINEERING, TEXTILES, CONSUMER GOODS, AUTO PARTS, LEATHER PRODUCTS,PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS,BASIC CHEMICALS, PAINTS, LPG PLANTS ETC. CITY PROFILE- Contd

AIR POLLUTION LEVEL BASED ON VARIOUS SURVEYS / STUDIES AIR POLLUTION LEVELS IN THE CITY HAVE EITHER CROSSED SAFE LIMITS OR HAVE REACHED THE THRESHOLD VALUES.

AUTHORITY: CITY DISTRICT GOVERNMENT KARACHI TOWNS 18 UNION COUNCILS178 CANTONMENT BOARDS 6 ADMINISTRATIVE SET-UP

CITY AT A GLANCE

MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES URBAN CHAOS CONGESTION, LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE, LACK OF PLANNING AND COORDINATION DEGRADED ROAD ENVIRONMENT POOR CONDITION OF VEHICLES PLYING POOR CONDITION OF ROADS BAD ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION NEGATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS POLLUTION FROM POWER PLANTS / GENERATORS OPERATION OF POWER PLANTS / GENERATORS WITH FURNACE OIL / DIESEL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IMPROPER DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL / DOMESTIC / HOSPITAL AFFLUENT AND WASTE

TRANSPORT SITUATION

Karachi: 40 persons competing for one bus seat Mumbai: 12 persons competing for one bus seat Hong Kong: 8 persons competing for one bus seat KARACHI MASS TRANSIT CELL

Karachi Travel Demand (Mechanised Trips-2004)  Trip Generation /day Over 13.6 million  Public Transport (B/MB/C/CC)52%  Private / Para-transit 48%

FUEL CONSUMED ( ) GASOLINE 729 Tons/ day DIESEL 1780 Tons/ day AIR POLLUTION DUE TO DIESEL DRIVEN VEHICLES (CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATES) Tons/ day CO HYDROCARBONS 4.63 SULPHUR DIOXIDE NITROGEN OXIDES CARBON MONOXIDE PARTICULATE MATTER 4.27 FUEL CONSUMPTION & IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT

Assessment of Air Quality in Karachi by SUPARCO Concentration of TSP & PM 10 in ug/m3 at different sites of Karachi and around cement plants SITESTSP (µg/m 3 ) PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) Civic Centre Garden Rd Elender Rd West Wharf Korangi Gas T K. Creak Gizri SITE

Assessment of Air Quality in Karachi by SUPARCO ( Contd.) Rashid Minhas Rd G. Jauhar N. Kar. (Javedan Cement Factory) Nooriabad (Dada Bhoy Cement Factor) Near Essa Cement Plant) Pakland Cement Factory USEPA PERMISSIBLE LIMIT (24h) FOR TSP IS 260 µg/m3 USEPA PERMISSIBLE LIMIT (24h) FOR PM 10 IS 150 µg/m3

IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMMES UPDATING OF KARACHI MASTER PLAN REVAMPING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM INDUCTION OF EURO-II AND CNG ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY BUSES CONVERSION OF AUTO RICKSHAWS TO CNG LOW COST TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SCHEMES: BUS LANES, BUS STOPS, INTERSECTIONS IMPROVEMENT, URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL, SMV FACILITIES - FOOTPATHS ETC. CREATION OF VEHICULAR FREE ZONE- PEDESTRIAN MALLS IN DOWN TOWN

CAPITAL INTENSIVE TRANSPORT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMMES: CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS INCLUDING FLYOVERS / UNDER PASSES ETC. -NORTHERN BY PASS -LYARI EXPRESSWAY MOTOR VEHICLE TESTING AND DRIVERS’ TRAINING PROGRAMMES THROUGH PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP BASES DEMAND MANAGEMENT REVITALIZATION OF KCR IMPLEMENTATION OF RAIL BASED MASS TRANSIT PROJECT ON PRIORITY-I CORRIDOR

REVAMPING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT (PUBLIC / PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP APPROACH) KPTS Routes in Operation = 10 Buses / Coaches = 230 UTS (CDGK + GOS) Routes in Operation = 10 Existing Bus Fleet = 200 Buses to be inducted = 300 (by Dec 2004) KARACHI MASS TRANSIT CELL

KARACHI CIRCULAR RAILWAY (KCR) KARACHI CIRCULAR RAILWAY (KCR) (1964 – 2004) KARACHI MASS TRANSIT CELL

KARACHI MASS TRANSIT PROGRAMME KARACHI MASS TRANSIT CELL

COMPONENTS OF PRIORITY ACTION PLAN Corridor- I Stage-I Tower to Sohrab Goth k.m Stage-II Extension upto New Sabzi Mandi-8 k.m Corridor-II Cantt. Station to Orangi Town – 13.4 k.m KCR Revitalization and Up-gradation-58 k.m Total: 86.6 k.m (Serve 60% + commuters) KARACHI MASS TRANSIT CELL

STUDY IN HAND THE CDGK IS UNDER TAKING A STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) OF THE OPERATION OF VEHICULAR TRAFFIC WITH THE FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES: TO CREATE THE BASELINE DATA TO DETERMINE AND ESTIMATE THE EXTENT OF POLLUTION AND THE DAMAGES DONE TO THE HEALTH AND LIVING ENVIRONMENT IDENTIFICATION OF REMEDIAL MEASURES AND THE MOST APPROPRIATE COURSE OF ACTION FOR ABATEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR

BROADER TASKS WILL INCLUDE: ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM DUE TO DIFFERENT FUELS IN USE IDENTIFICATION OF THE ROLE OF CULTURAL PRACTICES OPERATING IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE SOCIO- ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE CITY ESTIMATION OF THE COST OF ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION RESULTING FROM PRESENT DILEMMA IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR STUDY IN HAND- Contd

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