UNIT #6 Taking Part in Government CHAPTER #15 Political Parties LESSON #2 Beginnings of U.S. Political Parties

-G. Washington was part of no political party -Washington warned about political parties dividing the nation -Simultaneously, his former Sec. of State [Jefferson] and his former Sec. of the Treasury [Hamilton] quarreled about the existence of a national bank -Hamilton, a loose constructionist and supporter of national power, argued for the bank -Hamilton founded the Federalist party Page — Federalists UNIT #6 Taking Part in Government CHAPTER #15 Political Parties LESSON #2 Beginnings of U.S. Political Parties

-Jefferson was elected the first D-R president -In 1800, this marked a monumental moment in U.S. and world history — a peaceful, democratic shift in power among opposing political viewpoints Page — Democratic-Republicans UNIT #6 Taking Part in Government CHAPTER #15 Political Parties LESSON #2 Beginnings of U.S. Political Parties (continued) -Jefferson, a strict constructionist and supporter of state ’ s rights, opposed the bank -Jefferson founded the Democratic-Republican Party -John Adams, a Federalist was elected president in 1796

-The D-Rs came to represent the South and farming — the Federalist party was dying -When wealthy, northern manufacturers began entering the party, they took control — splitting D-R party -Creating the Democrats and the Whigs Page 3 UNIT #6 Taking Part in Government CHAPTER #15 Political Parties LESSON #2 Beginnings of U.S. Political Parties (continued) — Democrats -Once again, the [2 nd ] national bank divided the two parties -In 1828, Andrew Jackson helped form a new party — the Democrats

-The Democrats became the common man ’ s party, continuing to serve the cause of the South and farming -The North and manufacturers rallied around a new political party — the Whigs Page 4 (continued) UNIT #6 Taking Part in Government CHAPTER #15 Political Parties LESSON #2 Beginnings of U.S. Political Parties — Whigs -The Whig party enjoyed some success, electing two presidents -W. Harrison & Z. Taylor both died in office -The Whig party lost power as the issue of slavery grew and smaller parties developed -One being the Republican party

-Arguing that slavery should not expand west into the territories, the Republican party (Abraham Lincoln) won the presidency in The Republican party received credit for ending slavery and saving the union -The Republicans gained the support of northern states, businessmen, laborers and former slaves -The newly powerful Republicans denied Democrats power during “ Reconstruction ” Page 5 UNIT #6 Taking Part in Government CHAPTER #15 Political Parties LESSON #2 Beginnings of U.S. Political Parties — Republicans

-With the nation in the depths of the Great Depression and Herbert Hoover ’ s policies not working, a shift in power took place -Democrat, Franklin Roosevelt was elected -Democrats supported: 1.Government spending to stimulate the economy 2.Farmers 3.Labor Unions 4.Social Security -Democrats grew the size, scope and spending of government tremendously during this period Page 6 UNIT #6 Taking Part in Government CHAPTER #15 Political Parties LESSON #2 Beginnings of U.S. Political Parties — Democrats

-Control of the presidency and government has been divided in the last half century -Republicans such as Eisenhower, Nixon and Reagan have valued the military, capitalism and more conservative values -Democrats such as Kennedy, Carter and Clinton have valued social equality, economic aid to the middle and lower class and a greater liberal agenda Page Present UNIT #6 Taking Part in Government CHAPTER #15 Political Parties LESSON #2 Beginnings of U.S. Political Parties