INTRODUCTION Chapter 1.

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Presentation transcript:

INTRODUCTION Chapter 1

Topics Introduction Modern Instrumentation and Control OSI Model Protocols Standards

Introduction Transfer of Information From One Point to Another Transmitter/Receiver/Link Serial Links vs Parallel Links Digital Data vs Analog Mutual Agreement

Historical Background Telegraph System Morse Code Baudot Code

Three Themes Physical Standards Open Systems Interconnection Protocols

Standards EIA-232 Interface Standard EIA-485 Interface Standard

A Typical Serial Data Communications Link

Modern Instrumentation Distributed Control System (DCS) All Electronic tightly integrated system Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Came from Relay Equipment SCADA System RTU’s and Master Station - radio links Smart Instrumentation Intelligent Sensors on comms link Fieldbuses and Devicenets ( and HART)

Distributed Control System (DCS) Based Around a Data Highway Modular Distributed & Integrated Each Module Performs Specific Dedicated Task “Good” on Analog Control Easy Connection to PLC’s / supervisory Computer Interfaces

PLC Programmable Logic Controller Sequence Control and Interlocking On/Off Inputs/outputs Ladderlogic Type Programs

A Typical PLC System

SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System RTU’s to Master Station Radio Links /Landlines Also term used for SCADA Software package eg Citect

Smart Instrumentation Microprocessor Based Instrument Embedded Controllers Data Communications Capability RS- 232, RS 485 or Fiber Optic Ability to Multi-drop With Other Instruments on Same Highway Wave of the Future...Eg Fieldbus

OSI Model Developed by the ISO Universal Framework for Building A Communications Systems 7 Layer Model 3 Layer Model Very Common for Industry Missing the 8th Layer

Representation of the OSI Model

Standards Within A Communications System Code - Morse - Hex - ASCII Physical - 232 - 422 - 485 Protocol - Modbus, Profibus, Hart, Foundation Fieldbus, Ethernet Open Systems Interconnection Model

Protocols Rules for Transmission of Data (Packets) Packet Can Include: Sync Byte Destination Address Source Address Data Error Detection Modbus - Profibus - Canbus - Ethernet - TCP/IP HDLC - DH+ - HART - DNP3 - Interbus - FTP

Basic Structure of an Information Frame Defined SYNCHRONIZING BYTE Is Used To Synchronize The Receiver. DESTINATION ADDRESS Is Where The Packet Is Going. SOURCE ADDRESS Is Where The Packet Has Come From. DATA Is The Information Contained In The Packet. ERROR BYTE Is The Result Of The Error Correction Calculation.

Voltage Standards EIA/RS-232 Interface Standard Half / Full Duplex - Point to Point EIA/RS-485 Interface Standard Half Duplex - Multidrop

RS-232

Two Wire Multidrop RS-485

Fiber Optic Cable

Modbus Protocol Structure

Modbus Plus Builds on Modbus Token Passing and deterministic High Speed - minimum of 1Mbit/s

DH+ Protocol Structure

HART Protocol 4 - 20 ma Communications

ASI Bus Idiot Proof 167kbps and fast for digitals 31 slaves and 124 I/O points with 5ms scan

The DeviceNet Model

Profibus Typical Architecture of System

Foundation Fieldbus Newest Fieldbus H1 standard - 31.25kbit/s HSE - 100Mbit/s Three layers plus excellent User Layer

Ethernet 10BaseT MAC = Media Access Control

TCP/IP Internet Protocol (IP) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Application Layer Three Layer Model Derived from Internet

Wireless Communications