Notes 5: Other Civil Rights Movements of the 1960’s and 1970’s Unit 5 – Civil Rights

Latino Rights

Chicano American Movement Focus Basic civil rights: voting, protection from police violence Changing what was taught in history education in schools Quality of education for Latino Americans and bilingual education The high minority draft rate in Vietnam Actions Protests Student Walkouts (Blowouts) – 1968 East LA and elsewhere Accomplishments Bilingual education Increase of Latino Americans in politics and activism Brown Berets – worked in local communities – set up the East LA Free Clinic

Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers Focus Protecting the rights of farm workers Actions Strikes and Economic Boycotts 1966 Grape Boycott 1970 Salad Bowl Strike Accomplishments 1975 California Agricultural Labor Relations Act, which gave collective bargaining rights to farm workers

Young Lords – Puerto Rican Americans Focus Improving access to services in Puerto Rican neighborhoods Stopping the removal of Puerto Ricans from their neighborhoods (Chicago) Actions What were two examples of actions the Young Lords took? Accomplishments Look at the last page of your reading, what were two examples of their accomplishments?

American Indian Movement

Red Power Focus Began in Minnesota in 1968 to address issues of Native American life at the time: poverty, housing, police abuse

Red Power Actions Red Power Movement occupied Alcatraz Island for 19 months to reclaim traditional Native American Land 1972 “Trail of Broken Treaties” protest in Washington. Seized Bureau of Indian Affairs and presented list of problems 1973: 71 day armed standoff at Wounded Knee 1978: The Longest Walk from Alcatraz to DC to protest laws they felt would hurt Native Americans

Red Power Accomplishments According to PBS: “The occupation [of Alcatraz] also succeeded in getting the federal government to end its policy of termination and adopt an official policy of Indian self-determination. From 1970 to 1971, Congress passed 52 legislative proposals on behalf of American Indians to support tribal self-rule. President Nixon increased the BIA budget by 225 percent, doubled funds for Indian health care and established the Office of Indian Water Rights. Also during Nixon's presidency, scholarship funds were increased by $848,000 for college students. The Office of Equal Opportunity provided more funds for economic development and drug and alcohol recovery programs and expanded housing, health care and other programs.” The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975: Allows Tribes to decide how to use Federal Funds themselves

Second Wave Feminism 1960’s-1980’s

Second Wave Feminism Focus Events /Actions Where the first wave focused on suffrage, the second wave focused on equality in society, the economy, and education Events /Actions The Birth Control Pill receives FDA approval in1960 Betty Friedan wrote The Feminine Mystique in 1963 Attacks society’s portrayal of women as housewives and the “cult of domesticity” The National Organization for Women (NOW) founded 1966 1968 Miss America Protest Burning of typically female products – the anti-feminists called it bra-burning

Second Wave Feminism Accomplishments Senator Birch Bayh exercises with Title IX athletes at Purdue University Second Wave Feminism Accomplishments Title IX 1972 No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance... Affects access to education including funding for women’s sports Roe v Wade 1973 Supreme Court Case that legalized abortion Not Accomplished The ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) failed to be ratified Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

Gay Rights

Gay Rights Focus Equal Rights Educators (and others) who were gay were usually fired Bars that catered to gays were shut down and newspapers would publish lists of people who went there FBI and Post Office tracked those they thought were gay You could be arrested and jailed for being caught in a gay relationship Medical associations classified being gay as a disease / mental illness

Gay Rights Action: Sip In 1966 The Mattachine Society staged a “sip-in” at a bar in Greenwich Village because the New York Liquor Authority would not allow bars to serve gay patrons Accomplishments: New York City Commission on Human Rights acknowledged that gay people had the right to be served in bars

Gay Rights Action Stonewall Riot – June 28, 1969 After another police raid on the Stonewall Inn (a gay bar in Greenwich Village, NYC), patrons and people in the neighborhood started a three-day riot on the police who tried to raid the club Accomplishments: Stonewall led to the beginning of media coverage and the formation of Gay Rights Groups

Gay Rights Accomplishments  On June 28, 1970, the first Gay Pride marches took place in Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York commemorating the anniversary of the Stonewall riot 1973, the American Psychiatric Association voted unanimously to remove homosexuality from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (they no longer saw being gay as a mental illness) NYC Gay Pride Parade 1976