The Era of Good Feelings In the Election 1816 was the last time a Federalist candidate ran for the presidency. In the Election of 1820 two Republican candidates ran for the presidency: James Monroe John Quincy Adams The Election of 1820 marked the end of the Federalist Party President James Monroe Why is President’s Monroe Terms in office called the Era of Good Feelings?

The Missouri Compromise 1820 Since the Revolution, the country had grown from 13 states to 22 and had managed to maintain a balance of power between slave and free states There were 11 free states and 11 slave states, a situation that gave each faction equal representation in the Senate The territory of Missouri was ready to apply for statehood; the second territory west of the Mississippi River carved out of the Louisiana Purchase ready for statehood Missouri was geographically in the center of the U.S.

Missouri: Slave or Free? Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state and the North objected to the extension of slavery in the West The debate was angry! This would upset the balance of free and slave states politically in Congress The Tallmadge Amendment to Missouri’s petition was introduced Wanted no more slaves brought into Missouri after statehood Would free at the age of 25 all slave children born in Missouri after statehood Provided for a gradual abolition of slavery in Missouri The House of Reps approved the amendment but it died in the Senate

The Missouri Compromise 1820 A break came in 1820 when it was proposed that the territory of Maine break from Massachusetts and become its own state THE COMPROMISE: Maine entered as FREE Missouri entered as SLAVE All territory North of the 36’ 30 parallel be FOREVER FREE

The Missouri Compromise 1820

Significance? The North expressed its MORAL objections to slavery for the first time and the South was forced to defend the institution of slavery The South began to DENY CONGRESS the right to exclude slavery from the territories; objections to Congress legislating the issue The debates were so angry and heated, it foreshadowed the future struggle over the extension of slavery into the West and the South’s secession Is the Missouri Compromise an example of Nationalism? Sectionalism?

Thomas Jefferson on the Missouri Compromise “This momentous question like a fireball in the night awakened and filled me with terror, I consider it all at once the death knell of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment but this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence.” Thomas Jefferson What does he mean?

Monroe’s Foreign Policy Reflected the nationalism of the time JQ Adams had a major role as Secretary of State Major treaties were forged with Britain and Spain

Convention of 1819 with Britain

Nationalism and The Monroe Doctrine 1823 Outlined by James Monroe in his annual message to Congress in 1823 Became a defining moment in U.S. foreign policy and is still in effect today John Quincy Adams played a major role in drafting the doctrine James Monroe John Quincy Adams

Causes/Events that led to the formation of the Monroe Doctrine Revolutions in Latin America American control of Florida/Seminole Wars British interest in Latin America European interference in Latin America Russian colonies along the Pacific

Revolutions in Latin America Spanish colonies in Central and South American declared their independence from Spain Napoleon conquered Spain in 1808; this was a sign of instability in their mother country so many began declaring independence 18 new nations were created **The U.S. recognized their independence

American Control of Florida/Seminole Wars Vs. General Andrew Jackson Seminole Chief Osceola

American Control of Florida/Seminole Wars General Andrew Jackson invaded Florida, captured a Spanish fort and defeated the Seminole Indians. At the same time, Sec of State JQ Adams was negotiating the purchase of Florida for the U.S. Spain did not have the means to retaliate. Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 (Ratified 1821) Florida was made part of the U.S.

Adams-Onis Treaty 1819

British Interest in Latin America Almost all Latin American trade was carried in British ships South America constituted a larger market for British goods than the U.S. Britain was viably concerned about the region but as a colonial power they were not sympathetic to the revolutions

European Interference in Latin America After Napoleon’s defeat in 1815, the Spanish king was restored to the throne in 1823 Several nations joined in an alliance “the Holy Alliance” and offered to help put down the revolutions in LA and restore them to Spain Spanish King Ferdinand VII

Russian Colonies along the Pacific Czar Alexander I of Russia issued a warning to all foreign ships not to approach within 100 miles of the coastline of Russian Alaska at any point north of the 51st parallel Any ship ignoring the warning would be seized Czar Alexander I of Russia

American Reaction and Action Secretary of State John Q Adams sent a strong note of protest to Russia asserting American rights to sail in Pacific waters The U.S. formally recognized the independence of the revolutionary governments of Latin America President Monroe in his State of the Union Address December 2, 1823 announced a new U.S. foreign policy- later called the MONROE DOCTRINE

The Monroe Doctrine The continents of North and South America were closed to further colonization by Europe Any attempt by a European power to “extend their system” to any part of the Western Hemisphere would be considered a threat to the U.S. If any European power interfered with the new independent republics of Latin America, the U.S. would consider it an unfriendly action The U.S. would not interfere in the affairs of Europe and continue to remain neutral; ISOLATIONISM

Why is the Monroe Doctrine historically significant? It is a direct warning to all of Europe that the U.S. is vitally concerned with the Western Hemisphere U.S. took on the role of protector and “big brother” for the Western Hemisphere Symbol of American strength and Nationalism Did this make the U.S. a WORLD POWER???

The West and Northwest 1819-1824