MenEngage Africa Regional Policy Scan Tim Shand 4 December 2012

Sonke-MenEngage Africa Regional Policy Scan Analysis of whether policies, laws and plans contain language relating to the proactive and progressive engagement of men and boys. The analysis focuses on five key areas: HIV and AIDS; Gender-Based Violence; Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights; Parenting; and LGBTI. - Fifteen countries have been scanned. - Reports have been produced for 5 initial countries: Kenya, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Uganda and Zambia Supported by UNDP, UNFPA, UN Women and Swedish Sida

CRITERIA USED FOR ANALYSIS OF WHETHER NSPs ATTEMPT TO ENGAGE MEN AND BOYS IN ADDRESSING GENDERED DIMENSIONS OF HIV AND AIDS HIV and GenderMen, Masculinities and Condoms NSP attempts to challenge or transform gender norms Men’s use of VCT Engaging men for prevention of GBVAddresses the needs of marginalized men & boys Men’s support of PMTCT/Vertical Transmission Attempts to address barriers to men's use of treatment Male circumcisionAttempts to increase men's involvement in the care economy

HIV Links between HIV and Gender addressed Plans made to challenge or transform Gender Norms Plans made to engage with men for prevention of GBV Benefit of engaging with men to support PMTCT processes recognised Male circumcision roll-out prioritised, including gender equality education Plans made to address men’s attitudes towards Condoms Plans made to target men for VCT and address health seeking behaviour Marginalized men’s needs accounted for (e.g. Prisoners, MSM, refugees and IDUs) Plans made to target men for Treatment and address health seeking behaviour Plans made to encourage and enable men to become involved in Carework Burundi in translation Cote D’Ivoire Ethiopia 2009 – 2011 Kenya 2010 – 2013 Mozambique in translation Namibia 2011 – 2016 Rwanda Sierra Leone South Africa Tanzania 2008 – 2012 Uganda 2008 – 2012 Zambia 2011 – 2015 Zimbabwe KeyAdequate Room for improveme nt Inadequate

Malawi HIV and AIDS Links between HIV and gender addressed Plans made to challenge or transform gender norms Plans made to engage with men for prevention of GBV Benefit of engaging with men to support PMTCT processes recognised Male circumcision roll-out prioritised, including gender equality education Plans made to address men’s attitudes towards condoms Plans made to target men for VCT and address health seeking behaviour Marginalised men’s needs accounted for (e.g. prisoners, MSM, refugees and IDUs) Plans made to target men for treatment and address health seeking behaviour Plans made to encourage and enable men to become involved in care work Gender-Based Violence Gender-based violence clearly conceptualised Sufficient focus on preventative measures Level of engagement with men Men engaged as advocates for change Men treated as capable of change through the provision of rehabilitation programmes Commitment to the transformation of gender norms Acknowledgement of the violence men experience; and how this can cause violence towards women and children as a result

Tanzania Gender-Based Violence Gender-based violence clearly conceptualised Sufficient focus on preventative measures Level of engagement with men Men engaged as advocates for change Men treated as capable of change through the provision of rehabilitation programme Commitment to the transformation of gender norms Acknowledgement of the violence men experience; and how this can cause violence towards women and children as a result HIV and AIDS Links between HIV and gender addressed Plans made to challenge or transform gender norms Plans made to engage with men for prevention of GBV Benefit of engaging with men to support PMTCT processes recognised Male circumcision roll-out prioritised, including gender equality education Plans made to address men’s attitudes towards condoms Plans made to target men for VCT and address health seeking behaviour Marginalised men’s needs accounted for (e.g. prisoners, MSM, refugees and IDUs) Plans made to target men for treatment and address health seeking behaviour Plans made to encourage and enable men to become involved in care work

South Africa HIV and AIDS Links between HIV and gender addressed Plans made to challenge or transform gender norms Plans made to engage with men for prevention of GBV Benefit of engaging with men to support PMTCT processes recognised Male circumcision roll-out prioritised, including gender equality education Plans made to address men’s attitudes towards condoms Plans made to target men for VCT and address health seeking behaviour Marginalised men’s needs accounted for (e.g. prisoners, MSM, refugees and IDUs) Plans made to target men for treatment and address health seeking behaviour Plans made to encourage and enable men to become involved in care work Gender-Based Violence Gender-based violence clearly conceptualised Sufficient focus on preventative measures Level of engagement with men Men engaged as advocates for change Men treated as capable of change through the provision of rehabilitation programmes Commitment to the transformation of gender norms Acknowledgement of the violence men experience; and how this can cause violence towards women and children as a result

Zimbabwe HIV and AIDS Links between HIV and gender addressed Plans made to challenge or transform gender norms Plans made to engage with men for prevention of GBV Benefit of engaging with men to support PMTCT processes recognised Male circumcision roll-out prioritised, including gender equality education Plans made to address men’s attitudes towards condoms Plans made to target men for VCT and address health seeking behaviour Marginalised men’s needs accounted for (e.g. prisoners, MSM, refugees and IDUs) Plans made to target men for treatment and address health seeking behaviour Plans made to encourage and enable men to become involved in care work Gender-Based Violence Gender-based violence clearly conceptualised Sufficient focus on preventative measures Level of engagement with men Men engaged as advocates for change Men treated as capable of change through the provision of rehabilitation programmes Commitment to the transformation of gender norms Acknowledgement of the violence men experience; and how this can cause violence towards women and children as a result

Recommended language for NSPs on men, gender inequalities, GBV and HIV OverallGender norms to be addressed as root cause of HIV – focus on gender norms transformation (young men) Education- Education on gender equality highlight benefits for men - Comprehensive sexuality education for boys and girls GBV-Interventions to highlight role men can play in preventing GBV, supporting GBV victims, and be advocates for change - Address underlying gender-norms linked to violence PMTCT/ Vertical transmission - Encourage men to support PMTCT as partners and advocates (ensuring the do no harm and safety first principles) MMC-Interventions to be part of a broader package and include gender equality education - Interventions to guard against inhibition

Recommended language for NSPs cont. Condoms-Research on men’s attitudes towards condom use - changing men’s attitudes towards condom use Testing- Understand why men don’t test - Use innovative methods to increase men’s HIV testing Vulnerable men - condoms, lubrication, treatment and testing for prisoners - interventions tailored to migrants, refugees and MSM Treatment-Encourage male health-seeking behaviour, as part of strategy to improve their uptake of treatment - Challenge gender norm that sickness = weakness Care economy -Promote men in care work. Target for trained male care givers -Address gender-norms that caring is a female domain

NSP Best practice examples Overall behaviour change: Zimbabwe – Involving men in HIV prevention. – Religious/trad. leaders as advocates/role models Condoms: Jamaica – Campaigns to promote condom use by men Testing: Zambia – Commits to increasing number of men testing from 15% to 50% by 2015 – Couple counselling and testing seen and key

NSP Best practice examples Vertical transmission/PMTCT: Uganda – Service provision for men and women – Communication highlighting men & women roles Home-based care: Zimbabwe – National volunteer motivation and training program (material & psysho-social needs) – Addressing gender equity so more men become involved as care givers