Lesson 1: The Nature of Gases UNIT 9 – GAS LAWS Chapter 13 and 14.

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Presentation transcript:

Lesson 1: The Nature of Gases UNIT 9 – GAS LAWS Chapter 13 and 14

Kinetic Molecular Theory Kinetic Molecular Theory b In order to understand gases you must understand the Kinetic Molecular Theory. b The KMT assumes the following concepts about an ideal gas:

Kinetic Molecular Theory Kinetic Molecular Theory b Particles in an ideal gas… have no volume. have elastic collisions. are in constant, random, straight- line motion. don’t attract or repel each other. have an avg. KE directly related to Kelvin temperature.

Real Gases Real Gases b Real Gas behavior is most ideal… at low pressures at high temperatures in nonpolar atoms/molecule

Characteristics of Gases based on KMT Characteristics of Gases based on KMT b Particles in an real gas… have their own volume attract each other b Gases expand to fill any container. random motion, no attraction

Characteristics of Gases based on KMT Characteristics of Gases based on KMT b Gases are fluids (like liquids). no attraction b Gases have very low densities. no volume = lots of empty space

Characteristics of Gases based on KMT Characteristics of Gases based on KMT b Gases can be compressed. no volume = lots of empty space b Gases undergo diffusion & effusion. random motion

Pressure Pressure Fluids - Liquids Gases Because of their nature exert pressure in all directions Gas pressure is the result of gas particles colliding with the walls of their container.

Measuring Gas Pressure b Barometer measures atmospheric pressure Mercury Barometer Aneroid Barometer

Measuring Gas Pressure b Manometer measures contained gas pressure U-tube ManometerBourdon-tube gauge

Measuring Gas Pressure b All of these units are equivalent kPa (kilopascal-SI Unit) is equal to 1 atm (atmosphere) is equal to 760 mm Hg is equal to 760 torr is equal to 14.7 psi (pounds per square inch)

Practice Conversions b Convert atm to mmHg torr kPa

Practice Conversions b Convert kPa to b atm b mmHg b torr

STP STP Standard Temperature & Pressure 0°C 273 K 1 atm kPa -OR- STP