Cultural Heritage

Where is the place in the photo? Have you ever been there? What do you think if it is demolished? Source: Wikipedia

Are these Cultural Heritages? Why? Former Star Ferry in Central Source: Wikipedia

Golden Bauhinia Square Source: Widipedia ?title=Image:Gold_bud_flag.JPG&va riant=zh-hk MTR Concourse Source: Widipedia mage:HongKongStationMTRConcourseNight.j pg&variant=zh-hk

Definition cultural heritage refers to monuments, groups of buildings, and sites with historical, aesthetic, archaeological, scientific, ethnological, or anthropological value. Natural heritage covers outstanding physical, biological and geological formations, habitats of threatened species and areas with scientific, conservation or aesthetic value.

intangible cultural heritage means the “ practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills – as well as the instruments, objects, artifacts and cultural spaces associated therewith – that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. ” Kunqu Source: Wikipedia maiden.JPG

Where are they? Great Wall, China Source: Wikipedia

Historic Centre of St. Petersburg and its suburbs, Russia Source: Wikipedia

Easter Island, Chile Source: Wikipedia

Taj Mahal, India Source: Wikipedia jpg&variant=zh-hk

World Heritage United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) adopted the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in This is to raise the awareness over the globe of the outstanding universal value of cultural and natural heritage, to recognize that they are a part of world heritage and to make sure they can be preserved. Until July 2007, 184 countries have already been registered as State Parties of this Convention and there are 851 cultural or natural heritage all over the world, which are included on the World Heritage List.

Types of World Heritage Cultural Heritage Natural Heritage Mixed Heritage

Cultural Heritage Great Wall, China Source: Wikipedia tle=Image:GreatWall_2004_Summer_4.jpg&variant=zh-hk Old Town of Segovia and its aqueduct Source: Wikipedia

Natural Heritage Goreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia Source: Wikipedia Giant ’ s Causeway and Causeway Coast(Northern Ireland) Source: Wikipedia 4.jpg

Mixed Heritage Giant Buddha Statue of Leshan, China Source: Wikipedia an_Buddha_Statue_View.JPG Ayers Rock, Australia Source: Widipedia

World Heritage in China In the 29th World Heritage Committee Session held in July 2005, Macau Historical District was given the title of world cultural heritage. 31 places of China have already been listed as world heritage, which made China possess the third most world heritages in the world.

Historical monuments in Hong Kong According to the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance, the Antiquities Authority (who is the Secretary for Development) may legally declare a place to be a protected monument. The Antiquities Authority is then empowered to prevent alterations, or to impose suitable conditions upon any proposed alterations to protect the monument. Until June 2007, there are a total of 82 declared monuments.

The Exterior of the Main Building, the University of Hong Kong Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD St. John ’ s Cathedral Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD The Exterior of University Hall, the University of Hong Kong Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

Hong Kong also adopts a 3-grade system to keep a record of buildings with certain historical and archaeological values. This system is only an administrative measure without statutory power. Up to now, the Antiquities Advisory Board has already evaluated and graded over 550 historical buildings. –Source:

Grade I ﹕ Buildings of outstanding merit, which every effort should be made to preserve if possible. Former Kowloon-Canton Railway Clock Tower Source: Wikipedia e:TSTClockTower.jpg&variant=zh-hk

Grade II ﹕ Buildings of special merit; efforts should be made to selectively preserve. Kam Tong Hall, Central Source: Wikipedia p?title=Image:HK_Castle_Road_Ko mTongHall_ _front.JPG Dragon Garden, Tsing Lung Tau Source:

Grade III ﹕ Buildings of some merit, but not yet qualified for consideration as possible monuments. These are to be recorded and used as a pool for future selection. Yau Ma Tei Police Station Source: Wikipedia ?tilte=Image:YauMaTeiPoliceStation_ Front.JPG&variant=zh-hk Central Market Source: Wikipedia e:Central_Market.jpg&variant=zh-hk

The importance of cultural heritage Historical and cultural value Social value Economic value Sustainable development ﹕ development that “ meets the needs of the present without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. ”

The threats to cultural heritage Natural disaster ﹕ Changes of landscape, natural disasters Damage by people: wars and conflicts Over explored: big-scale infrastructure, misuse of land, excessive explored to tourism

Important Documents In 1964, International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) signed the Venice Charter Australia International Council on Monuments and Sites (Australia ICOMOS) published its Burra Charter in 1999.

What factors should be considered in monument preservation? Ecology Cultural Inheritance Economy Collected Memories Political and Social Development Sustainable Development

What are the methods to protect the heritage? Protect Restore Rebuild Use after revival

Protect Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

Restore Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

Use after revival Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

Restore Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

Protect Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

Use after revival Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

Use after revival Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

Rebuild Source: Wikipedia =zh-hk Murray House, Stanley

What are the steps of conservation of the heritage ﹖ Understanding the significance of the heritage Assessment Formulating policy Proposing future conservation plan and implementation scheme Long – term inspection and review