Beef Unit th Grade

Learning Targets 1. I can identify various breeds of beef cattle. 2. I can identify proper terminology for beef cattle.

Beef Cattle Facts 80% of Cow herds have less than 50 head of cattle. 80% of Cow herds have less than 50 head of cattle. 8 Beef Cattle Regions in the U.S. 8 Beef Cattle Regions in the U.S. Japan is the largest importer of U.S. Beef. Japan is the largest importer of U.S. Beef. More than 50 Beef Breeds to choose from. More than 50 Beef Breeds to choose from. 10% of all calves die at birth or soon after 10% of all calves die at birth or soon after

Beef Cattle History Christopher Columbus brought cattle in Christopher Columbus brought cattle in 1493.

Beef Cattle History Spanish brought Longhorn to Mexico in Spanish brought Longhorn to Mexico in 1521.

Beef Cattle History English brought large numbers of cattle in 1553 when Jamestown Colony was founded. English brought large numbers of cattle in 1553 when Jamestown Colony was founded.

Bos Indicus Cattle Example Long Floppy Ears Long Floppy Ears Hump on the shoulders. Hump on the shoulders. Loose Hide Loose Hide Heat tolerant Heat tolerant Resistance to diseases and Insects Resistance to diseases and Insects

Bos Indicus Cattle

Bos Taurus Cattle Example Tight hide Tight hide Short ears Short ears

Bos Taurus Cattle

Angus Imported in 1873 Imported in 1873 Scotland Scotland Moderate frame Moderate frame Color: Black Color: Black Polled Polled

Simmental Imported 1969 Imported 1969 Switzerland Switzerland Color: Red and White-Black Color: Red and White-Black Polled or Horned Polled or Horned

Shorthorn Imported 1783 Imported 1783 England England Color: Red/White Color: Red/White Polled or Horned Polled or Horned Dual Purpose Dual Purpose

Beefmaster Originated: 1931 Originated: 1931 Hereford 25% Hereford 25% Shorthorn 25% Shorthorn 25% Brahman 50% Brahman 50% Color: Red/Yellowish- white Color: Red/Yellowish- white Very Hardy and milk well Very Hardy and milk well

Charolais Origin: France Origin: France Imported: 1930 Imported: 1930 Color: White/Creamy Color: White/Creamy Rugged Rugged Polled and Horned Polled and Horned

Chianina Imported: 1971 Imported: 1971 Origin: Italy Origin: Italy Color: White Color: White Horned Horned Cow: lb Cow: lb Bull: lb Bull: lb Used for crossbreeding Used for crossbreeding

Limousine Origin: France Origin: France Color: Red, Black Color: Red, Black Imported: 1969 Imported: 1969 Polled or Horned Polled or Horned Good Milking ABility Good Milking ABility

Belted Galloway Imported: Scotland Imported: Scotland Imported: 1950 Imported: 1950 White belt around stomach White belt around stomach Good mothers Good mothers Grow Rapidly Grow Rapidly

Texas Longhorn Origin: Texas Origin: Texas 1 st Breed in United States 1 st Breed in United States Very Adaptable Very Adaptable Very cheap to raise Very cheap to raise Price goes by Horn Length. Price goes by Horn Length.

Polled Hereford Origin: England Origin: England Imported:1817 Imported:1817 Henry Clay:Ky. Henry Clay:Ky. Cow: 1200lbs Cow: 1200lbs Bull: lbs Bull: lbs Good mother, milk, forager Good mother, milk, forager

Horned Hereford Original: Horned Original: Horned Began: 18 th Century Began: 18 th Century Origin; Herefordshire England Origin; Herefordshire England

Black Hereford Origin: U.S.A Origin: U.S.A Angus Angus Hereford Hereford Feed Efficiency Feed Efficiency Milking ability Milking ability Docile Docile

Brahman Imported: 1900 Imported: 1900 United States United States Color: White to Gray Color: White to Gray Horned Horned Good mothers Good mothers

Braford Origin:Florida Origin:Florida Began: 1947 Began: /8 Brahman 3/8 Brahman 5/8 Hereford 5/8 Hereford Early Puberty Early Puberty Fertile Cow/Bull Fertile Cow/Bull Calving Ease Calving Ease

Brahmousin Origin: United States 5/8 Limousin 3/8 Brahman Polled Horned Cow 1500lb Bull 2200lb

Brangus Origin: United States Origin: United States Developed: 1949 Developed: /8 Brahman 3/8 Brahman 5/8 Angus 5/8 Angus Heat Resistant Heat Resistant Color: Red/Black Color: Red/Black

Simbrah Origin: America Origin: America Color: Varies Color: Varies Polled or Horned Polled or Horned Cow: 1500lbs Cow: 1500lbs Bulls: 2200lbs Bulls: 2200lbs Fast growers Fast growers Long life span Long life span

Gelbray Origin: America Origin: America Color: Varies Color: Varies Cow: 1500lbs Cow: 1500lbs Bull: 2200lbs Bull: 2200lbs Polled or Horned Polled or Horned Good reproduction, rapid growth Good reproduction, rapid growth

Watsui Origin:Africa Origin:Africa Cow: lb Cow: lb Bulls: lb Bulls: lb Imported:1960 Imported:1960 Slow in growth Slow in growth Mostly for Private use.

Belgian Blue Origin: Belgium Origin: Belgium New to U.S.A. New to U.S.A. Heavy muscling Heavy muscling 2 Groups 2 Groups 1. Milk Prod. 1. Milk Prod. 2. Beef Prod. 2. Beef Prod. Cow: 1500lbs Cow: 1500lbs Bull: 2500lbs Bull: 2500lbs

Gelbvieh Origin: Germany Origin: Germany Imported: 1971 Imported: 1971 Color: Red Color: Red Horned or Polled Horned or Polled Good Fertility Good Fertility Cow:1500lbs Cow:1500lbs Bulls: 2000lbs Bulls: 2000lbs

Red Angus Origin: Europe Origin: Europe Imported: 1954 Imported: 1954 Cow: lb Cow: lb Bull: lb Bull: lb Good: Mothers, Crossbreeding, Calving Ease Good: Mothers, Crossbreeding, Calving Ease

Highland Origin: Scotland Origin: Scotland Color: Yellow, Red, Silver- White Color: Yellow, Red, Silver- White Cow: lb Cow: lb Bull: lb Bull: lb Very rugged Very rugged Imported: 1930 Imported: 1930

Piedmontese Origin: Italy Origin: Italy Imported: 1979 Imported: 1979 Double Muscled Double Muscled Rich milk Rich milk Color: White Color: White Cow: lb Cow: lb Bull: lb Bull: lb

Maine Anjou Origin: France Origin: France Imported: 1969 Imported: 1969 Cow: lb Cow: lb Bull: lb Bull: lb Good: Milk, Mature fast Good: Milk, Mature fast Color: Red, Black, Mix Color Color: Red, Black, Mix Color

Romagnola Origin: Italy Origin: Italy Color: White Color: White Horned Horned Cow: 1650lbs Cow: 1650lbs Bulls:2750lbs Bulls:2750lbs Good feed conversion Good feed conversion Imported: 1970 Imported: 1970

Santa Gertrudis Origin: America Origin: America Color: Red/Black Color: Red/Black 3/8 Brahman 3/8 Brahman 5/8 Shorthorn 5/8 Shorthorn Good mother, fast growers, Good mother, fast growers, Polled or horned Polled or horned

Beefalo Origin: America Origin: America Color: Varies Color: Varies 3/8 Bison 3/8 Bison 5/8 Beef Cow 5/8 Beef Cow Good milking, mothers, rapid growth Good milking, mothers, rapid growth

Gyr Origin: India Origin: India Color: Varies Color: Varies Cow: 1200lbs Cow: 1200lbs Bull: 2000lbs Bull: 2000lbs Used for: Dairy and Beef Used for: Dairy and Beef Ancestor of Brahman Ancestor of Brahman

Zebu Origin: India Origin: India Imported: 1849 Imported: 1849 Cow: 1200lbs Cow: 1200lbs Bull: 1800lbs Bull: 1800lbs Used for: Beef and Dairy Used for: Beef and Dairy

Wagyu Origin: Japan Origin: Japan Produce: Kobe Beef Produce: Kobe Beef Imported:1976 Imported:1976 Horned or Polled Horned or Polled Color: Black or Red Color: Black or Red Best Beef??? Best Beef???

Corriente Origin: Spanish Origin: Spanish Imported: 1493 Imported: 1493 Small size Small size Grow slow Grow slow Horned Horned Used for Rodeos Used for Rodeos Used: Milk, Beef, Sport Used: Milk, Beef, Sport

Braunvieh Origin: Switzerland Origin: Switzerland Imported: Imported: Color: Brown Color: Brown Bull: lb Bull: lb Cow: lb Cow: lb Used for: Milk, Meat Used for: Milk, Meat Horned Horned

Dexter Origin: Ireland Origin: Ireland Imported: Imported: Bull: 1000Lb Bull: 1000Lb Cow: 750Lb Cow: 750Lb Used: Milk, Meat Used: Milk, Meat Color: Black and Red Color: Black and Red

Fighting Bull Origin: Spain Origin: Spain Imported: ? Imported: ? Color: Black or Dark Brown Color: Black or Dark Brown Bull: lb Bull: lb Used for: Fighting Used for: Fighting

Tuli Origin: Zimbabwe Origin: Zimbabwe Imported: None Imported: None Polled Polled Color: Red, Yellow, White Color: Red, Yellow, White Medium Size Medium Size Good Milking ability, Good Milking ability, Good Mothers Good Mothers

Tarentaise Origin: France Origin: France Color: Dark Red Color: Dark Red Imported: 1972 Imported: 1972 Bull: 1800lb Bull: 1800lb Cow:1200lb Cow:1200lb Good: Mothers, Milking Good: Mothers, Milking

Randall Origin: Vermont Origin: Vermont Cow: lbs Cow: lbs Bull: lbs Bull: lbs Horned Horned Color: White base and Lineback Color: White base and Lineback Traits: Docile, Few calving problems, survival instincts Traits: Docile, Few calving problems, survival instincts

Florida Cracker Origin: Florida Origin: Florida Descended from Spanish stock. Descended from Spanish stock. Cow: 900lbs Cow: 900lbs Bull: lbs Bull: lbs Known for: Hardy traits, Resistance to parasites Known for: Hardy traits, Resistance to parasites Horned Horned

Miniature Cattle Very Popular Color: Varies Height: 36”-46” Used for: Draft, Milk, Pets, Meat 26 Breeds

Composite Breeds Cattle of 2 or more breeds that have been crossed to create a better animal. Cattle of 2 or more breeds that have been crossed to create a better animal.

Barzona

Beefmaster

Braford

Brangus

Santa Gertrudis

Chimaine

Bos Tarus Broken into 2 Categories. Broken into 2 Categories. British British Contential Contential

Continental Cattle Also called Exotics. Also called Exotics. Grow very fast and gain weight. Grow very fast and gain weight. Originated in Europe Originated in Europe

Charolais

Chianina

Limousine

Gelbvieh

Maine-Anjou

Salers

Simmental

Tarentaise

British Breeds Known as English Breeds. Known as English Breeds. Known as the foundation breeds in the United States. Known as the foundation breeds in the United States.

Angus

Horned Hereford

Polled Hereford

Red Angus

Red Poll

Shorthorn

ADG Average daily gain. Average daily gain.

AYW Adjusted yearling weight. Adjusted yearling weight.

A.I. Artificial Insemination. Artificial Insemination.

AWW Adjusted weaning weight. Adjusted weaning weight.

EPD Expected Progeny Difference. Expected Progeny Difference.

Bull Male animal used for breeding cattle. Male animal used for breeding cattle.

Steer Male that has been castrated. Male that has been castrated.

Cow Older female who has given birth. Older female who has given birth.

Heifer Female less than 3 years of age and not given birth. Female less than 3 years of age and not given birth.

Polled Naturally Hornless cattle. Naturally Hornless cattle.

Scurs Small horn tissue attached to the skin rather than the bone.

Horned Horns growing from the skull of the animal.

Terminal Sire Bull that all of his calves are sold to market. Bull that all of his calves are sold to market.

Paternial Sire Bull that all his heifer calves are used as replacement cows. Bull that all his heifer calves are used as replacement cows.

Open Female A non pregnant female. A non pregnant female.

Marbling Specks of fat found in the muscular tissue. Specks of fat found in the muscular tissue.

Cutability Amount of saleable retail cuts that are obtained from the carcass.

Culling Removing less productive animals from the herd. Removing less productive animals from the herd.

Dam Female parent. Female parent.

Sire Male parent. Male parent.

Free Martin 1 Male Calf 1 Female Calf Heifer calf will not breed.

Progeny Offspring of parents.

Pedigree Record of the ancestors of a beef animal. Record of the ancestors of a beef animal.

Cattle Frame Score Scores are given from: 1-7 Scores are given from: 1-7 Helps place grades and prices to cattle. Helps place grades and prices to cattle.

Conformation The appearance of the live animal. The appearance of the live animal. Includes: Skeletal structure, muscle, fat, balance. Includes: Skeletal structure, muscle, fat, balance.

Artificial Insemination Used to improve the quality of the herd. Used to improve the quality of the herd.

Dehorning Removal of the horns. Removal of the horns.

Gestation Period 285 Days 285 Days

Ruminant 1 Stomach 1 Stomach 4 Compartments 4 Compartments Parts: Parts: 1. Rumen 1. Rumen 2. Reticulum 2. Reticulum 3. Omasum 3. Omasum 4. Abomasum 4. Abomasum

Closed Herd Herd in which no outside breeding stock are introduced. Herd in which no outside breeding stock are introduced.

Dystocia Abnormal or difficult labor causing difficulty in delivering the fetus. Abnormal or difficult labor causing difficulty in delivering the fetus.

Calving Season Season of the year when calves are born. Season of the year when calves are born.

Embryo Transfer Removing fertilized eggs from 1 donor cow and placing them in a host cow. Removing fertilized eggs from 1 donor cow and placing them in a host cow.

Calf Crop Number or percentage of calves produced within a herd in a given year relative to the number of cows. Number or percentage of calves produced within a herd in a given year relative to the number of cows.

Parturition Act of giving birth; calving. Act of giving birth; calving.

Ear Tag Method of identification by attaching a tag to the ear. Method of identification by attaching a tag to the ear.

Half-Sibs Cattle sharing the same sire but different dams. Cattle sharing the same sire but different dams. Half brother or sister Half brother or sister

Double Muscling Enlargement of the muscles with large grooves between the muscle. Enlargement of the muscles with large grooves between the muscle.

Cow-Calf System Cows raise the calves to weaning age. Those calves are sold to other growers. Cows raise the calves to weaning age. Those calves are sold to other growers.

Back Grounding System Calf is placed on feed from weaning to the feedlot. Calf is placed on feed from weaning to the feedlot.

Finishing System Cattle are placed on feed at the feedlot until they weigh 1, lbs Cattle are placed on feed at the feedlot until they weigh 1, lbs

Ration Amount of feed needed for a 24 hour period. Enough feed for weight gain Amount of feed needed for a 24 hour period. Enough feed for weight gain

Breeds Group Webquest 1. 2 people will work to present on a breed of beef cattle. 2. Each group will create a 10 Slide Presentation.

Cattle Breeds CharolaisBeefmaster CharolaisBeefmaster ChianinaBelgian Blue ChianinaBelgian Blue AngusMarchigiana AngusMarchigiana HerefordRomagnola HerefordRomagnola TarentaiseSalers TarentaiseSalers LimousinRed Angus LimousinRed Angus BrahmanSimmental BrahmanSimmental Maine AnjouTexas Longhorn Maine AnjouTexas Longhorn PiedmonteseWagyu PiedmonteseWagyu Red PollGelbvieh Red PollGelbvieh Santa GertrudisFlorida Cracker Santa GertrudisFlorida Cracker ShorthornGalloway ShorthornGalloway