The Cell Cycle.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Cell Growth and Reproduction

Advertisements

The cell cycle and mitosis

B-2.6 Summarize the characteristics of the cell cycle: interphase (called G1, S, G2); the phases of mitosis (called prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and.

Cell Cycle IPMATC.

The Cell Cycle.

Why is cell size limited?

Cell Growth and Reproduction. Cell Size Limitations How does a cell receive materials and expel its wastes? Through the plasma membrane This means that.

Mitosis Flash Cards Ch 4.

What limits cell growth? & The Cell Cycle: Mitosis Section 8.2

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Mitosis and the Cell Cycle Division of the nucleus and the nuclear material (DNA), as well as the cell.

Cell Division - Mitosis. Cell Division—Mitosis Notes Cell Division — process by which a cell divides into 2 new cells Why do cells need to divide? 1.Living.

The Cell Cycle. Cell Division –Cells divide in order for us to grow –As a cell grows, its volume increases more rapidly than its surface area –When the.

This cycle consists of three phases: G1, S, G2

10 – 2 Cell Division Mitosis. Chromosomes DNA is passed on in chromosomes DNA is passed on in chromosomes Every organism has a specific # of chromosomes:

Cell Reproduction and Growth Cell Division M C. Limits on Cell Size Diffusion is more efficient over short distances DNA limitations (has to be able to.

Mitosis.  Common to most living things  Sequence of growth and division of a cell.

Chapter 11 review Ms. Parekh.

Cell Division Mitosis and Meiosis. Section 2 Objectives – page 201 Section Objectives Relate the function of a cell to its organization in tissues, organs,

Cell Division Mitosis. Chromosomes  Eukaryotes  Found in the nucleus  Contain most of the genes  Made up of two sister chromatids, joined by a centromere.

Cell Size, Phases and Division. Surface area to volume ratio 6:1 4:1 2:1 -Which SA/V ratio would be more efficient to a cell? A large SA/V ratio…..6:1.

CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION: THE CELL CYCLE Importance of Cell Division Growth of organism (adding more cells) To replace dead or damaged cells (healing)

KEY CONCEPT Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis.

Cell Growth and Reproduction Cell Size Limitations Cell Reproduction Cell Cycle Mitosis.

What do they do? Stages What’s Going on? What is It?

_dnadivide/ Cell Growth Mrs. Harlin.

Cell Cycle. Why do cells divide? Growth --by adding cells, not having them get bigger --cells are not efficient for exchanging materials if they are too.

Cell Cycle All cells go through the cell cycle, some faster than others.

Binary Fission: Cell Division in Prokaryotic Cells

The Cell Cycle. Why are cells so small?? What limits the size of a cell?? –Most cells are between millimeters.

Mitosis. Cell Size Limits Why aren’t we just one giant cell??

Bellringer Mon, 11/23 1.Why do cells need to divide? List at least 2 reasons.

CELL CYCLE How many cells do we begin with? 2 How do we get more?

The Cell Cycle.

Chapter 8 Part Two Cell Growth and Reproduction Cell Size Limitations  Cells vary in size and shape  The longest cells are nerve cells which can be.

Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging.

Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis. Cells that make up the “body” of an organism 2.

Chapter 3 Lesson 1 From Cell to Organism Cell Cycle and Cell Division.

Activity #44 PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE

Cell Cycleand Mitosis!Cell Cycleand Mitosis!. Review  Why do cells divide?? Big cells are inefficient! Nutrients can’t reach the organelles! Proteins.

The Cell Cycle. THE CELL CYCLE The Cell Cycle Cell Reproduction –One cell (parent cell) reproduces to make 2 identical cells (daughter cells)

Mitosis Divide and conquer. How do cells multiply? Cell cycle – process where: DNA contained in chromosomes duplicates Parent cell divides each new cell.

Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis

Cell Cycle and Cell Division Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction Chapter 9 Slides Part 1 Text Pages

Cell Growth and Division. When cells get too big, two problems happen 1. DNA gets overloaded 2. Materials can’t get exchanged 1. Can’t get into and out.

Cell Growth and Reproduction Why cells are small Diffusion limits cell size Diffusion is fast and efficient over short distances, it becomes slow and.

Unit 6 NOTES: Cell Cycle 6.A- Cell Size Cell Size is limited by… DNA Overload – there is not enough DNA to communicate with the rest of the cell, or organelles,

The Cell Cycle & Cell Division

What Limits a Cell’s Size? 1. DNA content if cell is too large, DNA can’t control all of it 2. Diffusion Is efficient only over short distances – big.

Cell Growth and Reproduction

Try these questions Why would a cell need to divide?

Mitosis: Mitosis is a type of cell division in which a daughter cell receives the same number of identical chromosomes as the parent cell. Mitosis is necessary.

Cell Reproduction and Growth Chapter 10

The Cell cycle.

B-2.6 Summarize the characteristics of the cell cycle: interphase (called G1, S, G2); the phases of mitosis (called prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and.

The Cell Cycle.

Cell Reproduction.

The Cell Cycle The Life Cycle of a cell : includes Growth, Development, and Reproduction.

New Terms: sister chromatids, centromere and homologous chromosomes

B-2.6 Summarize the characteristics of the cell cycle: interphase (called G1, S, G2); the phases of mitosis (called prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and.

CELL GROWTH & REPRODUCTION

Cell Growth and Reproduction

The Cell Cycle & Cell Division

The Cell Cycle & Cell Division

B-2.6 Summarize the characteristics of the cell cycle: interphase (called G1, S, G2); the phases of mitosis (called prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and.

Cell Growth and Reproduction

The Cell Cycle & Cell Division

Cell division is necessary for normal growth, repair, and reproduction of an organism.

New Terms: sister chromatids, centromere and homologous chromosomes

Presentation transcript:

The Cell Cycle

Why are cells so small?? What limits the size of a cell?? Most cells are between .002 - .2 millimeters

What limits the size of a cell? Diffusion Very fast and efficient over short distances Becomes slow and inefficient as the distances become larger Cells would die before nutrients could reach the organelles if the cell was too big

What limits the size of a cell?? Surface Area – to – Volume Ratio As cell size increases, its volume increases much faster than surface area Example: If cell size doubles, the cell would require 8 times more nutrients, but the cell membrane would only increase by 4 times. This would mean that the cell doesn’t have enough room (cell membrane) to diffuse.

What limits the size of a cell?? DNA There’s a limit to how fast DNA can make proteins If you have a large cell then the DNA can’t make proteins fast enough for the cell.

The Cell Cycle Cell Reproduction One cell (parent cell) reproduces to make 2 identical cells (daughter cells) 5 steps in this process

What is Mitosis Mitosis is…THE PROCESS BY WHICH A CELL’S NUCLEUS DIVIDES!

Before Mitosis… Interphase This phase is broken down into 3 subphases G1 = Cell grows in size and organelles replicate S = DNA duplicates itself (DNA Replication) Chromatin duplicates – long coily strands of DNA that become wrapped up G2 = Rapid Growth before dividing Cells spend most of their time in this phase

Interphase

Interphase

Interphase

Interphase

Mitosis Prophase A.) Chromatin organizes itself into chromosomes made up of 2 sister chromatids attached by a centromere Sister Chromatids – A chromosome and its duplicated twin Centromere – rubber band structure that joins the 2 sister chromatids together

Prophase B.) Nuclear membrane breaks down Nucleus dissolves C.) Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell (poles) Centrioles – cylinder structures that will reel in the chromatids D.) Spindle fibers form Spindle fibers – football shaped set of ropes that will attach to the centrioles and the chromatids Made of microtubules

Prophase

Prophase

Prophase

Prophase

Prophase

Prophase

Prophase

Mitosis Metaphase Spindle fibers attach to centrioles and sister chromatids at their centromeres. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Line up on the metaphase plate/equator.

Metaphase

Metaphase

Metaphase

Metaphase

Metaphase

Metaphase

Metaphase

Metaphase

Metaphase

Metaphase

Mitosis Anaphase The centromeres split apart and the sister chromatids separate from each other The spindle fibers pull the chromatids toward the poles

Anaphase

Anaphase

Anaphase

Anaphase

Anaphase

Anaphase

Anaphase

Anaphase

Anaphase

Anaphase

Anaphase

Mitosis Telophase Chromatids reach the poles Chromosomes unwind Spindle fibers break down Nucleus reforms Cell begins to split Cleavage furrow

Telophase

Telophase

Telophase

Telophase

Telophase

Telophase

Telophase

Telophase

Telophase

Telophase

After Mitosis… Cytokinesis Cells Separate

Cytokinesis

The Cell Cycle

What phase is this cell in? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

What phase is this cell in? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

What phase is this cell in? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

What phase is this cell in? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

What phase is this cell in? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which phase does a cell spend most of its time in? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telosphase Cytokinesis 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

What phase is this cell in? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

What phase is this cell in? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

What phase is this cell in? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

What phase is this cell in? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

What phase is this cell in? Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

When do 2 daughter cells split Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30