MGIMO 13 December 2007 ESDP EU – NATO Relations Gaston STRONCK Ambassador of Luxembourg

History  Brussels Treaty - WEU  Washington Treaty - NATO  European Defence Community  rejected by FR National Assembly  modified Brussels Treaty (GE / IT)  European Policy Co-ordination  beginning of the 80‘s - more open discussions on European security

History II  Petersberg / Revitalisation of WEU  NATO Berlin / Brussels - ESDI  Amsterdam Treaty HR/Policy Unit Petersberg Missions

AMSTERDAM 1997 (TEU – Article 17) CFSP shall include all questions relating to the security of the Union, including the progressive framing of a common defence policy... which might lead to a Common Defence, should the European Council so decide. … … shall include: Humanitarian and rescue tasks; Humanitarian and rescue tasks; Peace-keeping tasks; Peace-keeping tasks; Tasks of combat forces in crisis management, including peacemaking. Tasks of combat forces in crisis management, including peacemaking.

History III  FR / UK Summit in St. Malo  European Council at Cologne Helsinki Feira Nice Gotenborg Laeken Seville

EU SUMMIT COLOGNE June 1999 “ …intend to give the EU the necessary means and capabilities to assume its responsibilities regarding a common ESDP…”

ESDP - where do we stand ? Progress reached : New structures: pol-mil, military and civilian Crisis management procedures / decision making process Improvement of military capabilities Development and improvement of capabilities in the civilian field Co-operation with third states and international organisations Operational engagement

 High Representative and Policy Unit New Structures  Political and Security Committee  linchpin of ESDP and CFSP  EU Military Committee  Committee for Civilian Aspects  New staffs  Specific directorates in the Council Secretariat  EU Military Staff  Joint Situation Centre  Civ-mil Cell and Operation Centre  Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability

 High Representative New Structures II Article 26 Amsterdam Treaty The Secretary-General of the Council, High Representative for the common foreign and security policy, shall assist the Council in matters coming within the scope of the common foreign and security policy, in particular through contributing to the formulation, preparation and implementation of policy decisions, and, when appropriate and acting on behalf of the Council at the request of the Presidency, through conducting political dialogue with third parties.

EUROPEAN UNION PILLAR 1 COMMUNITY POLICIES “EUROPEAN COMMUNITY” PILLAR 2 COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY INCLUDING EUROPEAN SECURITY & DEFENCE POLICY PILLAR 3 JUSTICE & HOME AFFAIRS EUROPEAN UNION TREATIES

Secretary General/High Representative Policy Unit Unit Council General Secretariat Council General Secretariat DG E VIII and DG E IX CPCC Political and Security Committee (PSC) Political and Security Committee (PSC) Joint Situation Centre Centre (SITCEN) (SITCEN) Committee for Civilian aspects of Crisis of CrisisManagement(CIVCOM) EU Military Committee(EUMC) Committee of the Permanent Representatives (COREPER) Council of the European Union European Council (Summit of the Heads of State and Government) (Summit of the Heads of State and Government) policy-making body advisory body EU Military Staff(EUMS) Politico-MilitaryGroup(PMG) Overview of Second-Pillar-Bodies (CFSP/ESDP) Overview of Second-Pillar-Bodies (CFSP/ESDP)

ESDP - where do we stand ? Progress reached: New structures: pol-mil, military and civilian Crisis management procedures / decision making process Improvement of military capabilities Development and improvement of capabilities in the civilian field Co-operation with third states and international organisations

Headline Goal by 2003 Corps level (up to 15 brigades or men) with appropriate air and naval elements Rapid deployment within 60 days including a smaller rapid response element at very high readiness Militarily self-sustaining, with the necessary C3I, logistics, combat support Deployment for at least one year

Focus : - Quality Focus : - Quality - Rapid Response Aim : -Interoperability Aim : -Interoperability -Deployability -Sustainability -Sustainability Headline Goal by 2010

EU BATTLEGROUPS CONCEPT Battlegroup (approx 1500 troops) Infantry Battalion HQ HQ Company 3x Infantry Coy Fire Support Reconnaissance Combat Support Combat Service Support Staff Support Strategic Enablers AirSeaLogOther Readiness of 5-10 days Readiness of 5-10 days Sustainable for 30 days initial operation, extendable to 120 days Sustainable for 30 days initial operation, extendable to 120 days A distance of 6000km from Brussels A distance of 6000km from Brussels 2 concurrent single BG-size rapid response operations 2 concurrent single BG-size rapid response operations

ESDP - where do we stand ? Progress reached: New structures: pol-mil, military and civilian Crisis management procedures / decision making process Improvement of military capabilities Development and improvement of capabilities in the civilian field Co-operation with third states and international organisations Operational engagement

Police: officers Rule of Law: 630 officials (judges, prosecutors, penitentiary personnel) Civilian Administration: 560 experts (civil registration, custom services) Civil Protection: personnel Civilian Capabilities

Monitoring capability: 500 personnel Monitoring capability: 500 personnel Support to EU Special Representatives : Support to EU Special Representatives : 390 experts (human rights, political affairs, gender issues …) European Gendarmerie Force : FR, IT, ES, NL, PT; at EU’s disposal: 800 in 30 days P Civilian Capabilities II

ESDP - where do we stand ? Progress reached: New structures: pol-mil, military and civilian Crisis management procedures / decision making process Improvement of military capabilities Development and improvement of capabilities in the civilian field Co-operation with third states and international organisations Operational engagement

CO-OPERATION WITH PARTNERS AUSTRIACYPRUSFINLAND BELGIUM CZECH REP DANEMARKESTONIAFRANCEGERMANYGREECEHUNGARYITALYLATVIAROMANIA LITHUANIALUXEMBURGNETHERLANDSPOLANDPORTUGALSLOVAKIASLOVENIASPAIN UNITED KINGDOM BULGARIA +3 MALTAIRELANDSWEDEN USACANADA ICELANDNORWAYTURKEY ! + third countries NATO European Union European Union

ESDP - where do we stand ? Progress reached: New structures: pol-mil, military and civilian Crisis management procedures / decision making process Improvement of military capabilities Development and improvement of capabilities in the civilian field Co-operation with third states and international organisations Operational engagement

click here to finish Click on one of the flags to fade in/out the name of an operation, then click the “i”- button for further information… click here to jump click here to jumphere back to first slide back to first slide Map of Past and Current ESDP Operations (2/06) EUPOL PROXIMA EUFOR – ALTHEA EUJUST THEMIS* EUJUST LEX CONCORDIA EUPOL COPPS EUPOL KINSHASA EUSEC DR Congo ARTEMIS EU support for AMIS II AMM EUPM AMM: Aceh Monitoring Mission (since 8/05)AMM: Aceh Monitoring Mission (since 8/05) EU BAM Moldova: Border Assistance Mission at Moldovan/Ukrainian border (since 12/05) *Coop. of Commission & ESDPEU BAM Moldova: Border Assistance Mission at Moldovan/Ukrainian border (since 12/05) *Coop. of Commission & ESDP EU BAM Rafah: EU Border Assistance Mission at Rafah Crossing Point in the Palestinian Territories (since 11/05)EU BAM Rafah: EU Border Assistance Mission at Rafah Crossing Point in the Palestinian Territories (since 11/05) EUFOR – ALTHEA: EU Military Operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 12/04)EUFOR – ALTHEA: EU Military Operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 12/04) EUJUST LEX: EU Integrated Rule of Law Mission for Iraq (since 7/05)EUJUST LEX: EU Integrated Rule of Law Mission for Iraq (since 7/05) EUPAT: EU Police Advisory Team in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (since 12/05)EUPAT: EU Police Advisory Team in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (since 12/05) EUPM: European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 1/03)EUPM: European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 1/03) EUPOL COPPS: EU Police Mission in the Palestinian Territories (since 1/06)EUPOL COPPS: EU Police Mission in the Palestinian Territories (since 1/06) EUPOL KINSHASA: European Union Police Mission in Kinshasa (DRC) (since 4/05)EUPOL KINSHASA: European Union Police Mission in Kinshasa (DRC) (since 4/05) EUSEC DR Congo: EU mission to provide advice and assistance for security sector reform in the DR Congo (since 7/05)EUSEC DR Congo: EU mission to provide advice and assistance for security sector reform in the DR Congo (since 7/05) EU supporting action to the African Union mission in Darfur AMIS II (Darfur, since 8/05)EU supporting action to the African Union mission in Darfur AMIS II (Darfur, since 8/05) Ongoing Missions ARTEMIS: EU Military Operation in DemocraticARTEMIS: EU Military Operation in Democratic Republic of the Congo (6/03 – 9/03) Republic of the Congo (6/03 – 9/03) CONCORDIA: EU Military OperationCONCORDIA: EU Military Operation in Former Yugoslav Republic in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (3/03 – 12/03) of Macedonia (3/03 – 12/03) EUJUST THEMIS: EU Rule of Law MissionEUJUST THEMIS: EU Rule of Law Mission to Georgia (7/04 – 7/05) *some EU-personnel to Georgia (7/04 – 7/05) *some EU-personnel remaining at the office of the EUSR for Georgia remaining at the office of the EUSR for Georgia to finalize THEMIS and for the purpose of border to finalize THEMIS and for the purpose of border monitoring and border police reform monitoring and border police reform EUPOL PROXIMA: EU Police Mission in FormerEUPOL PROXIMA: EU Police Mission in Former Yugosl. Rep. of Macedonia (12/03 – 12/05) Yugosl. Rep. of Macedonia (12/03 – 12/05) Completed Missions i i i i i i i i i i i i EU BAM Rafah i EU BAM Moldova* i EUPAT i

- Effective mutual consultation; - Effective mutual consultation; - Equality for the decision-making - Equality for the decision-making autonomy of the EU and NATO; autonomy of the EU and NATO; - Respect for the interests of the EU and NATO members states; NATO members states; - Respect for the principles of the Charter of the United Nations; of the United Nations; - Coherent, transparent and mutually reinforcing development of the military reinforcing development of the military capability requirements in common. capability requirements in common. Principles of the Strategic Partnership CO-OPERATION WITH NATO

Assured access to NATO planning capabilitiesAssured access to NATO planning capabilities Presumption of availability to the EU of pre-identified NATO capabilities and common assetsPresumption of availability to the EU of pre-identified NATO capabilities and common assets Identification of range of European command options, role of DSACEUR as EU OpCdrIdentification of range of European command options, role of DSACEUR as EU OpCdr Further adaptation of NATO's defence planning system for use in EU-led operationsFurther adaptation of NATO's defence planning system for use in EU-led operations Berlin-Plus Arrangements CO-OPERATION WITH NATO