United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals The Civil War is one of the key events that formed America’s national character. This unit examines the causes and effects of the conflict and change of the American Civil War. It also provides a rich field for examining the role of individuals, groups and institutions in shaping history. It will also show how production, distribution and consumption help the economy to thrive as industry supports the war. The unit concludes with a focus on the beliefs and ideals of political reconstruction of the South and the struggles of newly freed African-Americans. The Civil War is one of the key events that formed America’s national character. This unit examines the causes and effects of the conflict and change of the American Civil War. It also provides a rich field for examining the role of individuals, groups and institutions in shaping history. It will also show how production, distribution and consumption help the economy to thrive as industry supports the war. The unit concludes with a focus on the beliefs and ideals of political reconstruction of the South and the struggles of newly freed African-Americans.

United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion. SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion. a. Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics; include the slave rebellion of Nat Turner and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and the Grimke sisters). a. Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics; include the slave rebellion of Nat Turner and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and the Grimke sisters). b. Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories. b. Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories. c. Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism. c. Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism. d. Describe the war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso. d. Describe the war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso. e. Explain the Compromise of e. Explain the Compromise of 1850.

United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals 1. THE ANTEBELLUM PERIOD 1. THE ANTEBELLUM PERIOD 2. THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 2. THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 3. WHAT DO YOU KNOW? 3. WHAT DO YOU KNOW?

ANTEBELLUM PERIOD In United States history and historiography, "antebellum" is commonly used, in lieu of "pre-Civil War," in reference to the period of increasing sectionalism that led up to the American Civil War. In United States history and historiography, "antebellum" is commonly used, in lieu of "pre-Civil War," in reference to the period of increasing sectionalism that led up to the American Civil War.United States history historiography sectionalismAmerican Civil WarUnited States history historiography sectionalismAmerican Civil War

AMERICAN CIVIL WAR The American Civil War (1861–1865), also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the U.S. and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). The American Civil War (1861–1865), also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the U.S. and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy).other names civil warUnited States of AmericaSouthernslave statessecessionConfederate States of Americaother names civil warUnited States of AmericaSouthernslave statessecessionConfederate States of America

United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals REVIEW REVIEW PRINCIPLES OF THE USC PRINCIPLES OF THE USC IMPORTANT YEARS IMPORTANT YEARS 1)AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1)AMERICAN REVOLUTION 2)AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 2)AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 3)WORLD WAR I 3)WORLD WAR I 4)WORLD WAR II 4)WORLD WAR II

United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals 1. EMERGENCE OF 3 DISTINCT REGIONS IN THE USA 1. EMERGENCE OF 3 DISTINCT REGIONS IN THE USA 1)NORTH 1)NORTH 2)SOUTH 2)SOUTH 3)WEST 3)WEST 2.MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN N. AND S. 2.MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN N. AND S. 3.IN THE WEST, SETTLERS FROM N. AND S. MERGED TO CREATE CULTURE 3.IN THE WEST, SETTLERS FROM N. AND S. MERGED TO CREATE CULTURE

UNITED STATES, 1861

CLASH OF BELIEFS AND IDEALS: ABOLITION 1. Abolitionism was a movement to end the slave trade and emancipate slaves in western Europe and the Americas. 1. Abolitionism was a movement to end the slave trade and emancipate slaves in western Europe and the Americas.slave trade western Europethe Americasslave trade western Europethe Americas , End of slavery in the N , End of slavery in the N. 3. Many northerners, some southerners supported abolition. 3. Many northerners, some southerners supported abolition. 4. S., slavery; divisive issue between N. and S. 4. S., slavery; divisive issue between N. and S.

PROMINENT ABOLITIONISTS 1. WHITE, BLACK, MEN, AND WOMEN 1. WHITE, BLACK, MEN, AND WOMEN 2. WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 2. WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 3. FREDERICK DOUGLASS 3. FREDERICK DOUGLASS 4. SARAH AND ANGELINA GRIMKE 4. SARAH AND ANGELINA GRIMKE

ABOLITIONISTS William Lloyd Garrison (December 12, 1805 – May 24, 1879) was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer. He is best known as the editor of the radical abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator, and as one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. He promoted "immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United States. William Lloyd Garrison (December 12, 1805 – May 24, 1879) was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer. He is best known as the editor of the radical abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator, and as one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. He promoted "immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United States. AmericanabolitionistThe Liberator American Anti-Slavery Society AmericanabolitionistThe Liberator American Anti-Slavery Society

ABOLITIONISTS Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, February 14, 1818 – February 20, 1895) was an American abolitionist, women's suffragist, editor, orator, author, statesman and reformer. Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, February 14, 1818 – February 20, 1895) was an American abolitionist, women's suffragist, editor, orator, author, statesman and reformer. abolitionistwomen's suffragisteditororator authorstatesman reformer abolitionistwomen's suffragisteditororator authorstatesman reformer He was a firm believer in the equality of all people, whether black, female, Native American, or recent immigrant. He was fond of saying, "I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong." He was a firm believer in the equality of all people, whether black, female, Native American, or recent immigrant. He was fond of saying, "I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong." equality blackfemaleNative Americanimmigrant equality blackfemaleNative Americanimmigrant

ABOLITIONISTS

SLAVERY 1. POLITICAL ISSUE 1. POLITICAL ISSUE 2. MOST WHITE SOUTHERNERS OPPOSED ABOLITION. 2. MOST WHITE SOUTHERNERS OPPOSED ABOLITION. PRO-SLAVERY ARGUMENTS PRO-SLAVERY ARGUMENTS 3. NECESSARY PART OF SOUTH FOR PLANTATION LABOR 3. NECESSARY PART OF SOUTH FOR PLANTATION LABOR 4. SOUTHERNERS…SLAVES TREATED WELL, BETTER THAN FACTORY WORKERS IN THE NORTH 4. SOUTHERNERS…SLAVES TREATED WELL, BETTER THAN FACTORY WORKERS IN THE NORTH 5. SLAVES BETTER OFF THAN FREE BLACKS 5. SLAVES BETTER OFF THAN FREE BLACKS

POLITICAL ISSUE OF SLAVERY 1. MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF ORIGIN: DESIRE FOR STATEHOOD, PROSLAVERY V. ANTISLAVERY 2. ORIGIN: DESIRE FOR STATEHOOD, PROSLAVERY V. ANTISLAVERY 3. MISSOURI CONSTITUTION ALLOWED SLAVERY BUT IT UPSET BALANCE BETWEEN SLAVE AND FREE STATES IN USA 3. MISSOURI CONSTITUTION ALLOWED SLAVERY BUT IT UPSET BALANCE BETWEEN SLAVE AND FREE STATES IN USA 4. TEMPORARY RESOLUTION: MAINE, FREE STATE, MISSOURI, SLAVE STATE (UNTIL THE NEXT STATE WANTED ENTRY INTO UNION) 4. TEMPORARY RESOLUTION: MAINE, FREE STATE, MISSOURI, SLAVE STATE (UNTIL THE NEXT STATE WANTED ENTRY INTO UNION) 5. GREAT COMPROMISER, HENRY CLAY 5. GREAT COMPROMISER, HENRY CLAY

HENRY CLAY Henry Clay, Sr. (April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852) was a nineteenth- century American statesman and orator who represented Kentucky in both the House of Representatives and Senate. Henry Clay, Sr. (April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852) was a nineteenth- century American statesman and orator who represented Kentucky in both the House of Representatives and Senate.April June Americanorator Kentucky House of RepresentativesSenateApril June Americanorator Kentucky House of RepresentativesSenate Known as "The Great Compromiser" and "The Great Pacifier" for his ability to bring others to agreement Known as "The Great Compromiser" and "The Great Pacifier" for his ability to bring others to agreement

SLAVERY, POLITICAL ISSUE 1. NAT TURNER SLAVE REBELLION, NAT TURNER SLAVE REBELLION, HIS MISSION, FREE SLAVES (AFTER VIEWING A SOLAR ECLIPSE) 2. HIS MISSION, FREE SLAVES (AFTER VIEWING A SOLAR ECLIPSE) 3. 4 VIRGINIA PLANTATIONS; 60 WHITES KILLED 3. 4 VIRGINIA PLANTATIONS; 60 WHITES KILLED 4. TURNER EXECUTED. 4. TURNER EXECUTED. 5. RESULT: NEW LAWS TO LIMIT ACTIVITY OF SLAVES 5. RESULT: NEW LAWS TO LIMIT ACTIVITY OF SLAVES

GROWING NORTH-SOUTH DIVISION 1. NULLIFICATION CRISIS 1. NULLIFICATION CRISIS 2. DEFINED: RIGHTS OF STATES TO NULLIFY (CANCEL) FED LAWS THEY OPPOSED 2. DEFINED: RIGHTS OF STATES TO NULLIFY (CANCEL) FED LAWS THEY OPPOSED 3. ORIGIN: SOUTHERN STATES WANTED TO NULLIFY HIGH TARIFF (TAX) PASSED BY CONGRESS ON MANUFACTURED GOODS IMPORTED FROM EUROPE. 3. ORIGIN: SOUTHERN STATES WANTED TO NULLIFY HIGH TARIFF (TAX) PASSED BY CONGRESS ON MANUFACTURED GOODS IMPORTED FROM EUROPE. 4. SOUTH CAROLINA NULLIFIED THE TARIFF. 4. SOUTH CAROLINA NULLIFIED THE TARIFF. 5. VP JOHN C. CALHOUN V. PRES. ANDREW JACKSON 5. VP JOHN C. CALHOUN V. PRES. ANDREW JACKSON 6. CALHOUN RESIGNED TO LEAD SOUTHERN STATES 6. CALHOUN RESIGNED TO LEAD SOUTHERN STATES 7. RESULT: RISE OF SECTIONALISM, LOYALTY TO REGION OF NATION RATHER THAN NATION AND STATES’ SIGHTS, IDEA THAT STATES HAVE CERTAIN RIGHTS SEPARATE FROM FED AND FED CANNOT VIOLATE 7. RESULT: RISE OF SECTIONALISM, LOYALTY TO REGION OF NATION RATHER THAN NATION AND STATES’ SIGHTS, IDEA THAT STATES HAVE CERTAIN RIGHTS SEPARATE FROM FED AND FED CANNOT VIOLATE 8. MOSTLY SOUTHERNERS 8. MOSTLY SOUTHERNERS 9. OPPOSITION SAID: RESULT OF STATES’ RIGHTS WOULD LEAD TO MORE DIVISION, WARFARE 9. OPPOSITION SAID: RESULT OF STATES’ RIGHTS WOULD LEAD TO MORE DIVISION, WARFARE 10. HENRY CLAY, COMPROMISE, LESSEN TAX OVER 10 YEARS 10. HENRY CLAY, COMPROMISE, LESSEN TAX OVER 10 YEARS

NULLIFICATION, CALHOUN V. JACKSON

CONTINUING POLITICAL CRISIS 1. WILMOT PROVISO 1. WILMOT PROVISO The Wilmot Proviso, one of the major events leading to the Civil War, would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War or in the future, including the area later known as the Mexican Cession The Wilmot Proviso, one of the major events leading to the Civil War, would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War or in the future, including the area later known as the Mexican Cessionevents leading to the Civil War slaveryMexicoMexican War Mexican Cessionevents leading to the Civil War slaveryMexicoMexican War Mexican Cession

CONTINUING POLITICAL CRISIS 1. COMPROMISE OF COMPROMISE OF ISSUE: ISSUE OF SLAVERY AND EXPANSION THREATENED SURVIVAL OF NATION 2. ISSUE: ISSUE OF SLAVERY AND EXPANSION THREATENED SURVIVAL OF NATION 3. RESULT: COMPROMISE OF RESULT: COMPROMISE OF 1850

COMPROMISE OF 1850 The Compromise of 1850 was a series of bills aimed at resolving the territorial and slavery controversies arising from the Mexican-American War (1846–1848). The Compromise of 1850 was a series of bills aimed at resolving the territorial and slavery controversies arising from the Mexican-American War (1846–1848).Mexican-American WarMexican-American War There were five laws that balanced the interests of the slave states of the South and the free states to the north. There were five laws that balanced the interests of the slave states of the South and the free states to the north.slave statesSouthfree statesslave statesSouthfree states

PROVISIONS OF COMPROMISE OF Admission of State of Texas and organization of the Territory of New Mexico 1 Admission of State of Texas and organization of the Territory of New MexicoTexasTerritory of New MexicoTexasTerritory of New Mexico 2 Organization of the Territory of Utah 2 Organization of the Territory of UtahTerritory of UtahTerritory of Utah 3 Admission of California to the Union 3 Admission of California to the UnionCalifornia 4 Fugitive Slave Law 4 Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law 5 Banned the slave trade from the District of Columbia, Washington D.C. 5 Banned the slave trade from the District of Columbia, Washington D.C.District of ColumbiaDistrict of Columbia

SEE MAP OF USA, EXPANSION OF FREE AND SLAVE STATES (WIKI, WILMOT PROVISO) SEE MAP OF USA, EXPANSION OF FREE AND SLAVE STATES (WIKI, WILMOT PROVISO)

COMPROMISE OF 1850

WAR DURING CRISIS, THE MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR CAUSES 2. CAUSES 1) USA ADMITTED TEXAS TO UNION, AFTER REBELLING AGAINST MEXICO, NOT RECOGNIZED BY MEXICO 1) USA ADMITTED TEXAS TO UNION, AFTER REBELLING AGAINST MEXICO, NOT RECOGNIZED BY MEXICO 2) USA WANTED NEW MEXICO AND CALIFORNIA, MEXICAN PROVINCES 2) USA WANTED NEW MEXICO AND CALIFORNIA, MEXICAN PROVINCES 3. USA OCCUPIED N. MEX. 3. USA OCCUPIED N. MEX. 4. RESULT: TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO, 2 FEB RESULT: TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO, 2 FEB 1848

SUMMARY OF TREATY RESULTS The cession that the treaty facilitated included parts of the modern-day U.S. states of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming, as well as the whole of California, Nevada, and Utah. The remaining parts of what are today the states of Arizona and New Mexico were later ceded under the 1853 Gadsden Purchase, in which the United States paid an additional $10,000,000. The cession that the treaty facilitated included parts of the modern-day U.S. states of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming, as well as the whole of California, Nevada, and Utah. The remaining parts of what are today the states of Arizona and New Mexico were later ceded under the 1853 Gadsden Purchase, in which the United States paid an additional $10,000,000.U.S. statesColoradoArizonaNew MexicoWyoming CaliforniaNevadaUtahArizonaNew MexicoGadsden PurchaseU.S. statesColoradoArizonaNew MexicoWyoming CaliforniaNevadaUtahArizonaNew MexicoGadsden Purchase

COMPLETION OF THE LOWER 48 STATES OF THE USA