BY: MR. CONNOLLY

Jackson’s Presidency  Seen by many as a turning point  First Western President  Age of the Common Man- growth of involvement by citizens in public life

 1824 – John Quincy Adams beats Andrew Jackson for the Presidency  Jackson feels robbed by a “corrupt bargain”  Jackson tells people that Adams represents the wealthy

 The Democratic-Republican party splits  Those that support Jackson- Democrats  Jackson’s opponents - Whigs

 Adams had big plans  Build canals and roads  Aid education and science Congress is full of Jackson’s buddies, and they prevent any of Adams’ plans from happening

1828  More people can vote!  Voter restrictions go down almost all over the country

Jacksonian democracy  End of property qualifications  Spoils system  New forms of campaigning

Changing Politics  Nominating conventions  Campaign methods

 Jackson was from a humble background  People saw him as a champion of the everyday man

Jackson the Man  Studied law  Bought and sold land  Fought in war of 1812  Became a national hero for the Battle of New Orleans  “Old Hickory”

 Soon after becoming President, his wife dies

 All kinds of people show up to the Inauguration, rich and poor  The party at the White House was so wild that Jackson fled and stayed at a hotel

 Jackson had been fighting all of his life, but he had another one ahead  3 major issues:  The status of Native Americans  The rights of the states  The role of the Bank of the United States

Back to Transparencies Visual Summary MAJOR ISSUES OF JACKSON’S PRESIDENCY

The Five Civilized Tribes  100,000 Native Americans still in the Southeast  Cherokee  Chickasaw  Choctaw  Creek  Seminole

The Cherokee  Had their own constitution  Their own newspaper  But when gold was discovered, the government comes up with a plan to get rid of them

The Cherokee Alphabet

Jackson and the Indians  Jackson believed that Native Americans could ally with foreign invaders  They can either adopt white culture  Or go west  That’s it!

 Jackson believed removing Native Americans would help them maintain their culture  ??????

Back to Transparencies Critical Thinking: Cause and Effect

Indian Removal Act of 1830  The government begins to negotiate to send the Indian tribes West  Trade Eastern lands for Western lands  Give them money food and rifles for one year  It wasn’t much of a negotiation

 The Cherokee resist moving  Cherokee Nation v. Georgia  John Marshall rules that the Cherokee are a dependent nation  Federal, not state law

Worcester v. Georgia  Georgia passes a law in 1830  Any white person living with Cherokee without a license will go to jail  Sam Worcester becomes a victim

 John Marshall frees Worcester, and determines that the Cherokee are not bound by state law  Jackson doesn’t care

 By 1838, the government comes for the Cherokee  Over 16,000 Cherokee are forced from their homes and put into camps  That winter, they are force marched from Georgia to Oklahoma

BACK TO LESSON Removal of Native Americans, 1820–1840 Back to Maps

 Over a quarter of them died along the way  Called the Trail of Tears

 There are three big issues  Sale of public lands  Internal improvements  tariffs

Sale of public land  The government is raising money by selling land out West  Northeasterners don’t want the land sold cheap  They will lose workers in the factories  Westerners want cheap land to settle the areas

Internal improvements  Northeasterners and Westerners wanted more roads and canals  Food and raw materials can go to the Northeast  Manufactured goods can go West  Southerners didn’t want these things  Paid for by tariffs

The Trouble with Tariffs  Southerners are growing so much cotton that they ship it to England and France  They buy stuff from these countries, but have to pay extra in tariffs  Southern economy depends on foreign trade, but foreign goods cost more

This leads to conflict between North and South

 J.Q. Adams raises tariffs  The South goes nuts!  They call this tariff the Tariff of Abomination (an abomination is a hateful thing)

 John C. Calhoun comes up with nullification to combat the tariff  A state can refuse to obey a federal law that it considers unconstitutional

 This was an OLD argument: states’ rights  Some supported a strong federal government  Andrew Jackson  Daniel Webster  Some supported the states  John C. Calhoun  Senator Hayne

 Daniel Webster- a senator from Mass. And one of the greatest speakers of his time  “It is the people that make up the Union, not the states”  “Liberty and Union, now and forever”

 Webster and Hayne engage in a debate over nullification

 South Carolina threatens to secede, or break away, from the Union  Jackson responds with gathering the army  Congress reduces the tariff, thanks to Henry Clay

 Henry Clay  Missouri Compromise  Nullification Crisis  Earns the name “ The Great Compromiser”

2 nd Bank of the United States  Most powerful bank in the country  The bank president controlled the nations money supply

Nicholas Biddle runs the bank He’s made loans to members of Congress He brags about being able to influence Congress

 Jackson decides to shut him down  Moves federal funds from the National Bank to state banks  Cripples the National Bank

 The bank needs a charter, or permission by the government to run  Jackson vetoes the renewal  He declares the bank unconstitutional

 Many feel Jackson has gone too far  Henry Clay called him a tyrant

 Jackson won the re-election in 1832, so he takes it as a sign that he was right  Eventually, he stamps out the bank in 1836  He won the battle, but the economy was a casualty

 Increase in prices and decrease in value  Jackson tries to fight this by making everybody pay in gold or silver

 When Jackson leaves, the nation is prospering  It doesn’t last