Introduction to Plastic Surgery By: Heather Harding

“ Plastikos ” The term “plastic surgery” is derived from the Greek word “Plastikos” Means to mold or give form

As early as 2,000 BCE in India as a form of punishment! In 600 BCE Sanskrit texts described reconstruction of a mutilated nose using tissue from the cheek When was the first reconstructive surgery performed?

Renaissance Times Primarily rebuilding of nose Start of experimentation with Indian ideas of using local and distant tissue to reconstruct wounds

War Times The need for reconstructions launched during World War 1 Massive disfiguration of burn victims creates new challenges to surgeons

1920s-1930s European surgeons Maliniac and Aufricht launch The American Society of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeons (ASPRS) 1 st division of Plastic Surgery in a public hospital is formed By the late 1930s The American Board of Plastic Surgery (ABPS) is created- qualification as plastic surgeon Maliniac Aufricht

1940s The Journal  Debuted in 1946  Forum for Plastic Surgeons to share their knowledge/discoveries Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation (PSEF)  Founded in1948  Supports education on plastic surgery to surgeons and public  Awards scholarships & prizes  Seminars and meetings  Exchange programs w/physicians around the world

1950s ASPRS is fully board certified Communication with the public heightens  Television New innovations  Latest innovation is internal wiring for facial fractures  Being tested in hospitals in Korea

1960s Public exposure increases number of procedures being performed Silicone development  Initially used to treat skin imperfections  1962 begins usage as breast implant device

1970s & 1980s Personal advertising of surgeons is banned Specialties and individual procedures start getting marketed through brochures Flame retardant children’s clothing is developed Plastic Surgery

1990s Internet  Websites for surgeons to post questions, get answers and share procedure info ASPRS becomes ASPS to assure that plastic surgery and reconstructive surgery are the same Silicone Implant Crisis due to complications  Links to illness  The Horrors of Breast Implants is released nationally on TV  Toll free hotline is set up regarding silicone implant safety  Silicone implants can only be used for reconstruction under clinical studies Health Care Reform  Insurance companies are required to cover cost of reconstruction breast surgery for women who have undergone a mastectomy

2000s Botox approval: average 1.1 million injections/year 10 deaths leads to 3 month pause of office based surgery Improved Public Perceptions  Magazines and TV shows By million+ surgeries are being performed annually Reintroduction of Silicone Implant  General patient usage is approved in 2006 after tests prove no connection to illness

Future Challenges Reducing surgical scarring and patient recovery time Scar-less healing takes place in the womb, researchers are trying to unlock the secrets of the growth factor environment of it to apply to wounds