Organic Systems: Building Soil Fertility and Improving Soil Quality Craig Cogger, Doug Collins, Andy Bary WSU Puyallup Dan Sullivan and Eric Gale Oregon.

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Presentation transcript:

Organic Systems: Building Soil Fertility and Improving Soil Quality Craig Cogger, Doug Collins, Andy Bary WSU Puyallup Dan Sullivan and Eric Gale Oregon State University

Overview Estimating plant- available N release from organic amendments  Field and laboratory research Nutrient management effects on soil quality

Organic amendments in field and laboratory nitrogen research

Amendment decomposition in soil

Plant Available N C:N = 9 C:N = 27 C:N = 20 C:N = 7 C:N = 16

Amendment C:N vs. plant-available N (field)

Sample calculations How much of this fertilizer should I apply? How do these two fertilizers compare? What’s the cheapest source of available N, P, K, etc.? Does this program match my fertilizer recommendation? ORGANIC FERTILIZER CALCULATOR

Basis for Organic Fertilizer Calculator

“Organic Fertilizer Calculator" estimates of plant-available N (PAN) Fresh Amendment total N ExampleFresh Amendment C:N PAN 28 days PAN full season % dry wt.Approx.% of total N 1 Solid manure w/bedding 35< 00 2 Dairy solids Broiler litter Specialty products less than

Organic Systems Research – started 2003 Nutrient ManagementWeed Ecology and Management Soil Quality Crop Yield and Quality Economics of Crop Production Insect Predators and Pests

Soil Amendments Chicken (Broiler) litter: low C application (CKN) ( dt/ac) Mixed on-farm compost: high C application (OFC) (13-17 dt/acre)

Cover Crops Relay planted Legume (RLY) Post-Harvest Cereal & legume (PH) Short-term Grass-legume Pasture (LEY)

Measurements: Soil Quality Bulk Density Infiltration Particulate OM Enzyme activity Nematodes Collembola Compaction Aggregation of particles Nitrogen cycling Microbial community structure

Soil pH, K, and OM 2006 pHExch. KOM mg/kgg/kg Ley6.2 a229 b38 Fall5.9 b370 a41 Relay6.0 b375 a42 Low C5.8 b247 b37 b High C6.3 a402 a44 a CC x amd*** **

Bulk density affected by amendment

Infiltration affected by amendment and rotation

Particulate Organic Matter (POM) C affected by amendment

Dehydrogenase as an indicator of biological activity

A soil nematode community Aporcelaimellus- predator; 1.9 mm Cephalobidae- bacterivore; 0.5 mm Aphlenchoides- fungivore; 0.3mm Rhabditidae; bacterivore 0.1mm

**

** * * Nematode ecological indices

Summary Amendment had significant effects on bulk density, infiltration, dehydrogenase, nematodes, and organic C Nematodes more numerous following broiler litter (low C), but more diverse following compost (high C) Cover crop has had rotational effects; other effects are still evolving.