Dermatological Conditions Chapter 12 Pathology

Trauma to the Skin Blisters Burns Calluses Chafing Hot spots, friction, bulla, improper clothing Tx – drain if necessary, donut, topical antibiotic Burns What is difference in the severity of grades Who is at risk, interaction of some medications Calluses Proper foot care What is the cause? Chafing Brought on by sweating, improper clothing; thighs, axilla, jogger’s nipples

Dermatitis/Eczema Dermatitis Eczema Usual symptoms Brought on by dry skin, excessive bathing, low humidity Eczema Skin inflammation Usual symptoms Dry, flakey, itchy skin

Contact Dermatitis Brought on by an allergic reaction Poison ivy, sumac, soap, clothing S/S - redness, blistering, itchy Tx Topical/oral corticosteroids Oral meds – antihistamines, diphenhydramine

Atopic Dermatitis Most common form of eczema Chronic disease Genetic disorder of skin sensitivity to many sources S/S Papules, vesicles, scaly lesions Extreme itching can lead to secondary infection Tx Corticosteroids for itching Antibiotics for infection Aveno* soap, no dyes, natural material for clothing

Chronic Eczema – Acute Stage Large papules (possibly erupting) Hypo/hyperpigmentation Typical areas effected Children – Extensor surfaces front of knees/back of elbows Adults – Flexural surfaces Back of knees/front of elbows Exacerbations – allergies & stress Secondary Issues – staph infection

Ways to Prevent & Tx of Dermatitis Simple Rules Treat the itch and avoid the irritant Corticosteroids, Benadryl/Sudafed(careful of sedation) Treat infection with proper meds Water/lanolin based lotion Avoid harsh soaps/perfume/cosmetics Avoid “hot” showers Wool clothing, control sweating

Infections Bacterial Infections Staph Strep Pseudomonas Impetigo – staph infection Bacterial Infections Enter through a break in the epidermis Staph Strep Pseudomonas

Strep Infections Erysipelas -Invasion of deeper tissue Folliculitis – infected hair follicule Pseudomonas aeruginosa Form of folliculitis contracted from whirlpools, hot tubs Red papules

Staph Infections - Boils (furuncle) Exhibit drainage & pus Highly infectious Difficult to distinguish from strep unless culture taken Transmitted skin-to-skin Tx topical or oral antibiotics

Boils - treatment Invasion of deeper tissue Carbuncle – multiple furuncles Transmitted with towels/clothing Tx Moist compress Donut Ickthamol ointment Pull out to release core, NEVER squeeze

Acne Mechanica Common adolescent illness Occurs when sebaceous glands become clogged No cure, but can be controlled with meds topical or systemic meds available

Fungal Infections Common in athletics: warm, dark, moist environments worsened with restrictive clothing/equipment (chafing) Classes=tinea & yeast Symptoms: small patches of red, scaly, inflamed areas smooth (not elevated) severe itching

Tinea Infections (fungal) Spreads easily Difficult to treat because of re-infection Symptoms improve with change in environment Often treatment >1 month Tx 2wks after sy’s resolve Symptoms: extreme itching red, scaling, inflamed lesions (fissures) yellowish drainage possible

Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s foot) Most frequent tinea infection May accompany yeast infections 1%-3% of people are carriers Rare in prepubertal children

Tinea Cruris Jock itch often originates at feet may affect men or women aggravated by tight clothes spreads easily linens, towels, etc must be changed daily

Tinea Corporis Gladiatorum Tinea of the body “Ringworm” Affects humans & animals Circular pruritic patches--well defined with raised borders Common in wrestling

Yeast Infections - Tinea Versicolor “sun spots” Most apparent after sun exposure (does not tan) Common in trunk, upper arms/legs, neck not contagious Resembles freckles May be asymptomatic or mildly pruritic Tx: selenium sulfide shampoo or oral antibiotics

Parasites - Scabies Extremely contagious (mite) Similar to eczema – but no history of disease Kwell soap/shampoo Wash towels/sheets daily

Head Lice Very common in children Contagious Don’t confuse with dandruff

Viral Infections – Herpes Simplex                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Viral Infections – Herpes Simplex Cold sore, fever blister Common around lips/face Many OTC meds Contagious Lives in nerves, never goes away

Verruca vulgaris - Warts Found on Face, hands, feet (plantar warts) Many methods to destroy Often return