The Creation of Colonial North America New Spain, New France, New Netherlands, New England and Virginia

The Creation of Colonial North America TERMS AND IDENTIFICATIONS : Mètis, coureur de bois, charivari, mestizo, casta painting, Virgen de Guadelupe, indentured servant, New France: trade and inclusion New Netherlands: trade and exclusion New England and Virginia –Puritans: religion and exclusion –Virginia: money and exclusion New Spain: religion, money, and inclusion

New Spain Money, Religion, and Inclusion Santa Fe, New Mexico, founded 1608 Making money required Indian labor: encomienda system Saving Indian souls: missions and missionaries –Bishop Juan de Zumarraga, first Bishop of Mexico –Missions in Florida, New Mexico, Texas, and California Unions with native women: Mestizos –Casta paintings Cultural fusion and syncretism: Virgen de Guadelupe

Spanish Empire

New Spain, 1540

Nueva Espana, 1747

Encomienda system

New Spain Money, Religion, and Inclusion Santa Fe, New Mexico, founded 1608 Making money required Indian labor: encomienda system Saving Indian souls: missions and missionaries –Bishop Juan de Zumarraga, first Bishop of Mexico –Missions in Florida, New Mexico, Texas, and California Unions with native women: Mestizos –Casta paintings Cultural fusion and syncretism: Virgen de Guadelupe

Spanish missionaries

The Inquisition Bishop Juan de Zumarraga

Spanish Missions in Florida, the Southeast, and New Mexico

Mission San Jose, Texas Founded 1720

Spanish Missions & Settlements in California

New Spain Money, Religion, and Inclusion Santa Fe, New Mexico, founded 1608 Making money required Indian labor: encomienda system Saving Indian souls: missions and missionaries –Bishop Juan de Zumarraga, first Bishop of Mexico –Missions in Florida, New Mexico, Texas, and California Unions with native women: Mestizos –Casta paintings Cultural fusion and syncretism: Virgen de Guadelupe

Mestizo

La Virgen de Guadalupe

New Spain Money, Religion, and Inclusion Santa Fe, New Mexico, founded 1608 Making money required Indian labor: encomienda system Saving Indian souls: missions and missionaries –Bishop Juan de Zumarraga, first Bishop of Mexico –Missions in Florida, New Mexico, Texas, and California Unions with native women: Mestizos –Casta paintings Cultural fusion and syncretism: Virgen de Guadelupe

New Spain in the Eighteenth Century

Northern New Spain

Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1866

New France Trade and Inclusion Capital: Quebec City, Canada, founded 1609 Fur Trade –required cooperation and alliances with indigenous people –Coureur de bois –“Marriages of the country” with indigenous women –From these unions rise the Metis, who form a separate social group and become guides, interpreters, and often traders Missionaries –The Jesuit Relations –Worked to convert natives into Christian subjects of French crown –Helped establish French claim to and dominance of crucial interior waterways Habitants –seigneurial system of land tenancy, as in France –the charivari –Local militias

St. John de Brébeuf

French and Spanish Missions

New France Trade and Inclusion Capital: Quebec City, Canada, founded 1609 Fur Trade –required cooperation and alliances with indigenous people –Coureur de bois –“Marriages of the country” with indigenous women –From these unions rise the Metis, who form a separate social group and become guides, interpreters, and often traders Missionaries –The Jesuit Relations –Worked to convert natives into Christian subjects of French crown –Helped establish French claim to and dominance of crucial interior waterways Habitants –seigneurial system of land tenancy, as in France –the charivari –Local militias

La Salle Expeditions

The Coureur de bois

The Trapper’s Bride, Alfred Jacob Miller, 1845

Habitants of New France

New France in the 17 th Century

New France Trade and Inclusion Capital: Quebec City, Canada, founded Fur Trade –required cooperation and alliances with indigenous people –Coureur de bois –“Marriages of the country” with indigenous women –From these unions rise the Metis, who form a separate social group and become guides, interpreters, and often traders Missionaries –The Jesuit Relations –Worked to convert natives into Christian subjects of French crown –Helped establish French claim to and dominance of crucial interior waterways Habitants –seigneurial system of land tenancy –the charivari –Local militias

Quebec, capital of New France, 1759

Quebec City

The Creation of Colonial North America TERMS AND IDENTIFICATIONS : Mètis, coureur de bois, charivari, mestizo, casta painting, indentured servant New France: trade and inclusion New Netherlands: trade and exclusion New England and Virginia –Puritans: religion and exclusion –Virginia: money and exclusion New Spain: religion, money, and inclusion

New Netherland Trade and exclusion Henry Hudson explorations 1609 Fort Orange (New Albany, NY) built 1615 Dutch West India Company sent settlers in 1624 Fort New Amsterdam (Manhattan Island), 1626 Patroonship plan – similar to French seigneurial system. Defeated New Sweden and occupied Fort Christiania (Wilmington, DE) in 1655 New York transferred to British, 1674.

New Netherland

New Netherlands