Malarial parasite Dr Zahra Rashid Khan Assistant Professor, Hematology

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Presentation transcript:

Malarial parasite Dr Zahra Rashid Khan Assistant Professor, Hematology Department of Pathology

PARASITE An organism that lives in or on another organism (its host) from which it obtains nourishment. The host does not benefit from the association and is often harmed by it

PARASITE NOMENCLATURE Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

THE MALARIAL PARASITE Phylum PROTOZOA Subphylum SPOROZOA Class TELOSPOREA Order COCCIDIIDIA Genus PLASMODIUM Species VIVAX, OVALE, etc

THE MALARIAL PARASITE Plasmodium vivax (benign tertian) Plasmodium ovale (benign tertian) Plasmodium falciparum (malignant tertian) Plasmodium malariae (benign quartan)

HISTORY Symptoms first described in ancient Chinese medical writings 1880- Charles Laveran discovered malarial parasite in blood 1898- Ronald Ross described life cycle 1934-Hans Andersag discovered chloroquine

HISTORY

MALARIA Mal (bad) , aria (air) Vector- borne disease Intermediate host (man) Definitive host (mosquito)

EPIDEMIOLOGY World’s most devastating parasitic infection Endemic in tropic and subtropical zones In 2010, 219 million cases of malaria (World Health Organization) In 2010, 90% of malaria deaths occurred in Africa (children under 5) 80% cases occur in 17 endemic countries

EPIDEMIOLOGY

HABITAT MAN ( red blood cells & heptocytes) MOSQUITO (female anophelese)

THE VECTOR

MALARIA REPRODUCTION Asexual (man) Sexual (mosquito) SCHIZOGONY SPOROGONY

IMPORTANT TERMS TROPHOZOITE: The growing form of parasite in blood of man; includes all forms except gametocyte and schizont SCHIZONT: A form in the process of dividing asexually GAMETOCYTE: The stage of the parasite containing the gamete

IMPORTANT TERMS SCHIZOGONY: A process of asexual reproduction by which the nucleus and cytoplasm divide into many subsidiary parts simultaneously (merozoites). It occurs in man. SPOROGONY: A process of asexual reproduction that results in formation of sporozoites. It occurs in the mosquito.

LIFE CYCLE Parasite (sporozoite) transmitted from mosquito to man Parasite reaches liver and starts multiplying Infects red blood cells- further reproduction occurs

LIFE CYCLE

LIFE CYCLE Dormant (gametocyte) transmited from man to mosquito Travels to mosquito midgut and reproduces sexually Sporozoites formed travel to mosquito salivary glands Sporozoites transmitted to man

MORPHOLOGY Peripheral blood film stained with Leishman’s Different species have different characteristics

MORPHOLOGY (trophozoite) Chromatin dot Rim of cytoplasm Clear looking area

MORPHOLOGY (schizont) Large trophozoite becomes schizont Contains many merozoites Haematin

MORPHOLOGY (gametocyte) Derived from merozoites Characteristic shape (eg, cresent shaped in falciparum)

MORPHOLOGY