Why explore Mars? To better understand planets in our Solar System and thus how the Solar System formed To better understand planets in our Solar System.

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Presentation transcript:

Why explore Mars? To better understand planets in our Solar System and thus how the Solar System formed To better understand planets in our Solar System and thus how the Solar System formed To better understand the likelihood of planets around other stars To better understand the likelihood of planets around other stars To establish in the future another home for humans. To establish in the future another home for humans. Our history tells us we are explorers! Our history tells us we are explorers! To answer the question … To answer the question …

Are we alone? In Search of Life …

Have we found life? Well, no, not yet … Cydonia Region Viking Global Surveyor April 2001

Mariner 4: 1965 Mariner 6 & 7: 1969 Mariner 9: 1971

Mars: Two Views

Mars: Vital Stats

The two Martian moons resemble asteroids Mars has two small, football-shaped satellites that move in orbits close to the surface of the planet They may be captured asteroids or may have formed in orbit around Mars out of solar system debris

Mars: Up Close

Clouds Above Mars’ Volcanos

The Volcano Olympus Mons

Viking: 1976

Viking 1: First Images

Winter Viking 2

Pathfinder and Sojourner: 1997

Pathfinder: 1997

Mars Global Surveyor:

Mars Odyssey: 2001

Mars: The Case for Water

Gustev Crater from Mars Odyssey: March 2003

Spirit and Opportunity: 2004 …

All around Spirit

Spirit Panorama in Gustev Crater

Up Close from Spirit

… on Mars

Opportunity

Mars … here and there

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (2005 -)

A Martian Avalanche from MRO February 2008 North Polar Area

York U on Mars 2008: NASA Phoenix Mission

Phoenix objectives/instruments: Study the history of water by examining water ice beneath the Martian surface (north polar region). Study the history of water by examining water ice beneath the Martian surface (north polar region). Determine if the arctic Martian soil could support life. Determine if the arctic Martian soil could support life. Instruments – MET, Robotic Arm, Surface Stereoscopic Imager (SSI), Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA), Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Microscopy, Electrochemistry and Conductivity Analyzer (MECA). Instruments – MET, Robotic Arm, Surface Stereoscopic Imager (SSI), Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA), Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) Microscopy, Electrochemistry and Conductivity Analyzer (MECA).

Where is Phoenix?

Going down …

On the surface at the North Pole

At the North Pole …

Digging for ice on Mars

Instruments on Phoenix

Temperatures at the North Pole

Snow on Mars using Lidar

The Near Future …

The More Distant future …

Any Questions?