The Energy Technology Innovation Project Innovation in Transportation Belfer Center for Science & International Affairs John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University 2006

ETIP ETIP is a joint project of the Program on Science, Technology, and Public Policy (STPP) and the Environment and Natural Resources Program (ENRP) Both STPP and ENRP are programs of the Belfer Center for Science & International Affairs (BCSIA), which is the largest research center in the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University ETIP is one of the four main fellows programs in BCSIA (along with the International Security Program, Program on Intrastate Conflict, and the Managing the Atom project) (above) John Holdren presents report of the National Commission on Energy Policy; (below) Ministry of Science & Technology official XU Jing consults with ETIP Research Fellow Guodong SUN.

The overarching objective of the Energy Technology Innovation Project (ETIP) is to determine and then seek to promote adoption of effective strategies for developing and deploying advanced energy technologies in three of the biggest energy-consuming nations in the world: China, India, and the United States of America. ETIP's focus on three crucial countries rather than only one not only multiplies directly our leverage on the world scale and facilitates the pursuit of cooperative efforts, but also allows for the development of new insights from comparisons and contrasts among conditions and strategies in the three cases. Objective

1. Exploration of the relationship and interaction between technology and policy: How does policy promote (or fail to promote) innovation in advanced energy technologies? How do (and can) technological developments inform policymakers? 2. Use of interdisciplinary methods: Employ and integrate methods and insights drawn from the natural sciences, engineering, economics, political science, history, management, law. 3. Formation of partnerships: Build and utilize collaborations among programs in BCSIA; among centers at KSG; across schools at Harvard; among universities in the USA and elsewhere; among the academic, corporate, governmental, and NGO sectors; and among countries around the world. Approaches

ETIP’s Niche Academic excellence in policy research and analysis Unusual policy “entrepreneurship” capabilities Good convening power Mentoring and training of top young energy researchers and professionals Partnerships with key institutions in the United States, China, and India (above) Agreement being signed between U.S. EPA and China’s EPA, facilitated by ETIP; (below) Rita Bajura of the National Energy Technology Lab presenting at a recent workshop at Harvard

ETIP’s Main Research Areas United States Policies for innovation in transportation Policies for development and deployment of cleaner coal technologies Carbon capture and storage technology policy U.S. climate change policy China and India Development and deployment of cleaner & more efficient vehicles Development and deployment of cleaner & more efficient coal technologies Development and deployment of biomass gasification technologies Cross-Cutting Patterns and processes of energy-technology innovation Measurement and performance of energy-technology innovation International climate change policy International energy cooperation among these three countries

Who We Are Director: Kelly Sims Gallagher, Ph.D. Principal Investigators: Professors John P. Holdren and Henry Lee Project Coordinator: Samuel Milton Research Fellows and Associates: Jeff Bielicki (CCS in the United States) Ananth Chikkatur, Ph.D. (biomass and clean coal in India) Gustavo Collantes (transportation policy) Robert Frosch, Ph.D. (vehicles and innovation policy) Aleks Kalinowski (Visiting Scholar, Geoscience Australia) (CCS) Hongyan He Oliver, Ph.D. (clean vehicles and enviro regulations in China) Ambuj Sagar, Ph.D. (energy innovation policy, vehicles and biomass in India) Lifeng Zhao, Ph.D. (clean coal in China) William Rosenberg (U.S. energy policy) Affiliates: Alan Leifer (energy and transportation); Jennie Stephens, Ph.D. (carbon capture and storage policy)

Our Main Collaborators United States Princeton University MIT Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) China Ministry of Science & Technology (MOST) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) China Automotive Technology & Research Center (CATARC) Tsinghua University India The Energy Research Institute (TERI) Indian Institute of Management, Ahemdabad

Current Support Grants The Energy Foundation The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency The Winslow Foundation The Pew Center for Global Climate Change Endowment funds of the Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program of the Belfer Center for Science and International AffairsScience, Technology, and Public Policy Program Gifts The Ford Motor Company, China The General Motors Corporation, China The Shell Exploration and Production Company

Innovation in Transportation (IIT) Research Project

Synopsis 3-year project ( ) Main objective is to design a set of government policies to provoke technological innovation in transportation sector to reduce oil consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions. Focus on both vehicles and fuels as a system Stakeholder participation and engagement from start to finish Conduct research on specific topics to advance development of overall policy recommendations Convene workshops and conferences to advance dialogue and mutual understanding

Core Project TeamFunding John P. Holdren Henry Lee Kelly Sims Gallagher Gustavo Collantes Alan Leifer Samuel Milton Robert Frosch William Rosenberg Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency William and Flora Hewlett Foundation

Illustrative Research Topics Under Consideration Effects of current policies (CAFE, HEV incentives) Financial barriers to innovation in transport sector Costs to industry of transitions (e.g. hybridization of fleet) Role of consumer behavior and “irrational” decision-making Effects of gas price volatility on industry Effects of possible alternative policies (e.g. carbon tax, GHG-trading regimes) Trade barriers to lower GHG-fuels Infrastructure and biofuels Related international policies and effects of potential harmonization