Ancient Greece

Who were the Greeks? Early Civilizations Minoans Myceneans

Minoans 2500-1450 BCE Remains of Minoan civilization found on the island of Crete

Minoans Sea trade First navy Traded with Greek mainland, Western Asia, Egypt, and Mesopotamia Olive oil, wine, jewelry, weapons

Palace of Knossos

Mycenaeans Conquered Crete around 1450 BCE Aggressive war-like people Sea traders, pirate

Geography Rugged Mountains Surrounded by Mediterranean Sea/Aegean Sea Coastlines and harbors Numerous islands

Advantages Harbors allowed for trading and easier transportation Mountains provide protection

Disadvantages Not enough rain to produce grain crops Rocky soil Isolation from each other = poor communication

City-states (POLIS) Geography of Greece prevented them from building an empire Divide into city-states

Polis Mountains and sea cut off Greek centers of population City-states or polis are formed

Polis Each share a common Language Religion

Polis But they have different forms of government Monarchy: rule by a king Aristocracy: rule by nobles or landholders Tyranny: rule by leader who rules outside the law Oligarchy: rule by few Democracy: rule by the people

Polis Each initially ruled by Kings Kings lose power to Aristocrats Disputes between common men and aristocrats arise (over land and crops)

Polis Common men want a voice in politics Aristocrats lose out to tyrants, oligarchies and democracies

9/10 Bell Ringer Why isn’t Greece united as a single empire? What would be necessary to make Greece a single empire?

Trojan War Legend of the Trojan War Around 1200 BCE the Myceneans destroyed Troy in Western Asia Minor Mythology says it was fought over a Greek kings wife In reality-all about trade and money

The Iliad Written by Homer Epic poem Set during and after the Trojan War

The Odyssey Written by Homer Epic poem Journey home of Odysseus (Mycenaean King) after battle of Troy

Mycenaeans Invaded and conquered by Dorians- 1000 BCE Power fades, people abandon cities Dark ages

While we are reading answer these questions What is the main idea of this passage? Where is it taking place? What kind of challenges does Odysseus face while on his journey? What is the importance of this passage and how does it relate to today history?

9/11 Bell Ringer What were some of the differences between Athens and Sparta that you noticed in the video clip we watched yesterday?

City-States Two leading City-States in Ancient Greece Sparta Athens

Athens Descendants of Myceneans 507 BCE Athenians allowed all free men citizenship

Athens Democracy (Direct) All citizens could belong to the Assembly Assembly passed laws and acted as the Supreme Court

Sparta Create a complete military society Men were often away at war Women had to run family’s estate More rights for women Citizenship inherited by blood Causes problems because of the helot population

Sparta Government Oligarchy- ruled by 2 hereditary kings Separate group of leaders to decide on criminal and civil cases

Persian War Persian empire vs. Greeks Persians concur Ionian Greeks, Ionian revolts with support of other city states Darius I of Persia invades mainland Greece

Persian War Sparta wants out before others- they feel the goals of war have been accomplished Delian league Formed after the first Persian War Alliance between Greek city states in case of future invasions

Delian League Under the leadership of Athens Other city states thinks Athens takes advantage of power, leads to future problems Sparta is not a part of the Delian League

Get out your notes and something to write with. 9/12 Bell Ringer Get out your notes and something to write with.

Battle of Marathon Greeks v. Persians Greeks are victorious Boosts their confidence Greek messenger, Pheisdippides, runs to Athens to spread news

Battle of Thermopylae Greeks v. Persians Greeks were outnumbered Spartans guard mountain pass at Thermopylae Gave people time to flee Spartans are defeated

Peloponnesian War Athens v. Sparta Sparta leads repeated invasions Delian League v. Peloponnesian League Sparta leads repeated invasions Makes deal with Persians Athens primarily uses its Navy

Peloponnesian War Sparta is victorious Athens is basically destroyed Disease and starvation in Athens Athens is basically destroyed Neither city-state makes full recovery

Socrates Was a sophist Rejected the idea of democracy Socratic method Questioned everything Wanted to help others seek truth and self- knowledge

Socrates Put on trial for “refusing to recognize the gods recognized by the state” and “corrupting the youth” Found guilty Sentence was death

Plato Student of Socrates Distrusted democracy Wrote many novels Many were about Socrates The Republic outlined Plato’s idea for an ideal society Wanted a ruler that was good to the people (Philosopher King) In general, men > women

Aristotle Student of Plato Analyzed all forms of gov’t Favored rule by single leader Suspicious of democracy Believed in moderation “golden mean”

Art & Architecture P. 132-133 (yellow spine) Read “Idealism in Architecture and Art” and the infographic Write a paragraph about how you see Greek art and architecture in your everyday life

Hellenistic (“Greek-like”) Period Period during and after rule of Alexander Greek ideas and culture spread throughout the empire

Sculptors and buildings Sculptors of the classical age were considered to work in harmony Developed fresh notion of human beauty The most famous example of this is the Acropolis in Athens still visible to this day Symbol of classical achievement

The Golden Age (Hellenistic Period) After the Persian wars, Greece enters a time of prosperity and stability Greek culture and art reach new heights

The Golden Age (Hellenistic Period) Greek culture spreads to other areas Trade Colonization

The Golden Age (Hellenistic Period) Many new thinkers emerge Pythagoras Everything could be explained between numbers and the relationships between them Hippocrates Taught that disease comes from natural causes, NOT gods

The Golden Age (Hellenistic Period) Socrates Plato Aristotle

The Golden Age (Hellenistic Period) Alexander the Great King of Greece by age 20 Conquered Persia and Indus River Valley Died at the age of 33

Alexander the great Father was king Phillip of Macedonian Phillip would expend the empire further by attacking other Greece and Persia nations. Phillip was assassinated under mysterious circumstances in 336 BC

Alexander the Great Would spread the Greek ideals throughout Asia Would keep fighting against the Persians, and finish the fight that his father Phillip started. Final battle was at the battle of Gaugamela Alexander would die in 326 BC of the flu Fought using new weapons/ tactics Elephants and Spartan tactics

Alexander’s Kingdom United

Alexandria

Legacy of Alexander the Great Spread Greek Hellenistic ideals throughout Asia and North Africa United much of the known world Created a massive amount of new trade (silk road) Started the exchange of ideas between east and west