AD Web browser Outlook (remote user) Mobile phone Line of business application Outlook (local user) External SMTP servers Exchange Online Protection Enterprise Network Phone system (PBX or VOIP) Edge Transport Routing and AV/AS 2 Building Blocks Client Access Array Evolution of E2010 CAS Array SMTP Front-End Database Availability Group Evolution of E2010 DAG Includes core server protocols Loosely coupled Functionality Versioning User partitioning Geo affinity Layer 4LB CAS CAS Array MBX DAG

E2010Banned Server1 (V n )Server2 (V n+1 ) Protocols, Server Agents EWS RPC CA Transport Assistants MRS MRSProxy Transport Assistants EWS RPC CA MRS MRSProxy Business Logic XSO Mail Item Other APICTS XSO Mail Item Other APICTS Storage Store Content index File systemESE Store Content index File systemESE SMTP MRS proxy protocol EWS protocol Custom WS

CAS For a given mailbox’s connectivity, the protocol being used is always served by the protocol instance that is local to the active database copy Each CAS determines the right end point for the traffic, and so all sessions – regardless of where they started – end up in the same place This means that the rendering for clients like OWA occurs on the Mailbox server, Transport transcoding is occurring on the Mailbox server, etc. User DAG1 MBX-A MBX-B

MBX1 MBX2 MBX16

DB IOPS/Mailbox Exchange 2003Exchange 2007Exchange 2010Exchange % reduction!

8KB Page Size STM Removed Store Quarantin e 10GB Mailboxes Elimination of Partial B+ Merges Cache Warming on Passive Log Roll 32KB Page Size Message properties stored as blobs Per-Database Process Fast Failover TBA Store Maintenance Lost Write Detection Cache Maintained after Recovery 100GB Mailboxes Database Compressio n 1 Million Items / Folder Managed Store Lost Log Resilience Page Dependency Removal Online Page Zeroing Per- Mailbox Tables 100MB Checkpoint Depth on Passive Copies Lagged Copy Enhancements OS Upgrade Support 128MB Extent Size Optimized for 7.2K RPM Disks 100 Databases / Server Hung IO and Bluescreen Support Gap Coalescing Smooth IO Writes Incremental Resync Improved Async Read Capability Support for 2 31 log generations 1GB Mailboxes 64-bit architecture Standby Continuous Replication 20,000 Items / Folder Log checksum recovery from single- bit errors 50 Databases / server Database Cache Compression Improved IO Coalescing Continuous Replication Parallel Mounting Database Space Allocation Hints Multiple Databases / JBOD Disk Lazy View Update Changes Lazy Indexes Online Database Checksum 1MB Log Files 100MB Checkpoint Depth on Active Copies Version Store Improvements 1:1 Read:Write Ratio Physical Contiguity Store Schema Changes Tuned Maintenance Writes Single Page Restore 100,000 Items / Folder JBOD Support Database Cache Priority B+ Tree Defrag BDM for Active and Passives Pre-read Keys 2010 No more deferred content conversion 2007 AutoReseed 2013

External SMTP servers EOP Edge Transport Servers Mailbox Servers AD EdgeSync TCP Mail flow Client Access Servers

MDB Transport MBX Transport Front-End Transport 2 Recipients DAG CAS MBX MDB Transport MBX Transport Front-End Transport CAS MBX

—OWA send —OWA failure —OWA failure detected —OWA recycle AppPool —OWA recycle complete —OWA verified as healthy —OWA send —OWA failure —OWA failure detected —OWA recycle AppPool —OWA recycle AppPool failed —Failover server’s databases —OWA service restarts —OWA verified as healthy —Server becomes “good” failover target (again) LB CAS-1 CAS-2 DAG MBX-1 DB1 DB2 MBX-2 OWA DB1 DB2 MBX-3 OWA DB1 DB2 OWA DB1

CAS2013 MBX2013 RPC CA IIS RPSOWA, EAS, EWS, ECP, OAB POP IMAP TransportUM RpcProxy MDB MailQ HTTP Proxy IIS POP IMAP SMTPUM TelephonyIMAPSMTPOWAEASEACOutlookPowerShell Load Balancer HTTP POP IMAP SMTP Redirec t SIP + RTP

CAS2013 MBX2013 RPC CA IIS HTTP Proxy IIS LB HTTP MDB HTTPS RPC_DATA_IN HTTPS RPC_DATA_OUT HTTPS RPC_DATA_IN HTTPS RPC_DATA_OUT HTTPS RPC_DATA_IN HTTPS RPC_DATA_OUT RpcProxy HTTP RPC MAPI Outlook

CAS2013 MBX2013 HTTP Proxy IIS LB HTTP MDB HTTPS Req/Response HTTPS Req/Response HTTPS Req/Response HTTPS Hanging Notification HTTP MAPI Outlook IIS MAPI HTTP Handler

MBX2013 CAS2013 Load Balancer HTTP Proxy IIS DB Protocol Head HTTP MBX2007 CAS2007 Load Balancer IIS DB Middle Tier Layer OWA Legacy Redirect Request MBX2007 DB Cross-Site OWA Proxy Request CAS2007 IIS Middle Tier Layer Outlook Anywhere Proxy Request ActiveSync Proxy Request Site Boundary

MBX2013 CAS2013 Load Balancer HTTP Proxy IIS DB Protocol Head HTTP Legacy Proxy Request MBX2010 DB Cross-Site Legacy Proxy Request CAS2010 IIS Middle Tier Layer Load Balancer Cross-Site OWA Redirect Request Site Boundary MBX2010 CAS2010 Load Balancer DB Middle Tier Layer IIS

MBX CAS Load Balancer HTTP Proxy IIS DB Protocol Head Local Proxy Request HTTP Site Boundary MBX CAS Load Balancer HTTP Proxy IIS DB Protocol Head HTTP OWA Cross-Site Redirect Request HTTP MBX DB Protocol Head HTTP Cross-Site Proxy Request HTTP Site Boundary CAS HTTP Proxy IIS

Sue (somewhere in NA) DNS Resolution DAG1 mail VIPmail2 VIP mail.contoso.com mail2.contoso.com DAG2 Jane (somewhere in NA) DNS Resolution Passive Active Passive

Round-Robin between # of VIPs Sue (somewhere in NA) DNS Resolution DAG VIP #1VIP #2 mail.contoso.com

CAS OWA ECP EWS EAS OAB MAPI RPC Auto D autodiscover.contoso.co m User Layer 4LB mail.contoso.com health check

CAS OWA ECP EWS EAS OAB MAPI RPC Auto D autodiscover.contoso.co m User Layer 7LB mail.contoso.com health check

mapi.contoso.com User Layer 4LB mail.contoso.com ecp.contoso.com ews.contoso.com eas.contoso.com oab.contoso.com oa.contoso.com CAS OWA ECP EWS EAS OAB MAPI RPC Auto D autodiscover.contoso.co m

Generalist IT adminThose with increased network flexibility Those who want to maximize server availability + Simple, fast, no affinity LB + Single, unified namespace + Minimal networking skillset - Per Server Availability + Per protocol availability + Single, unified namespace - SSL LB - Requires increase networking skillset + Simple, fast, no affinity LB + Per protocol availability - One namespace per app protocol - One VIP per protocol SimplicityFunctionality Who’s it for? Trade-Offs

mail VIP

Each datacenter should be its own Active Directory site Deploy unbound DAG model spanning each DAG across two datacenters Distribute active copies across all servers in the DAG Deploy 4 copies, 2 copies in each datacenter One copy will be a lagged copy (7 days) with automatic play down enabled Native Data Protection is utilized Single network for replication and client traffic Utilize a third datacenter for Witness server placement, if possible Increase DAG size density before creating new DAGs DAG mail VIP

DAG mail VIP

1 Day15011 MB 1 Month MB 1 Year GB 2 Years GB 4 Years GB

Selina (somewhere in NA) DNS Resolution DAG na VIP Batman (somewhere in Europe) DNS Resolution DAG eur VIP na.contoso.com eur.contoso.com