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© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e2 Chapter 14 Managing Information Systems and Technology

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e3 Our Agenda Planning for Information Systems and Technology Acquiring Information Technology Organizing Information Systems Activities Controlling and Securing Information Systems

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e4 Our Agenda (cont’d.) The Effects of Information Technology on Employment Ethical Management of Information Systems and Technology

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e5 Learning Objectives Identify several factors that should be considered in planning for information systems and technology. Describe common sources for acquiring information technology. Describe the traditional organizational structure of an information systems department.

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e6 Learning Objectives (cont’d.) List the specialized personnel needed for World Wide Web and electronic commerce support. Identify methods used by organizations to control and secure their information systems.

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e7 Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Describe different forms of computer crime and ways of preventing them. List several effects of information technology on employment.

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e8 Planning for Information Systems and Technology Managing Information Systems and Technology

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e9 Planning for Information Systems and Technology The planning activity involves determining what should be done. Planning for information systems and technology involves determining what systems will be developed and what technology will be used in the future.

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e10 Planning for Information Systems and Technology (cont’d.) The planning horizon can involve varying amounts of time. Operational planning – a few weeks to a few months. Tactical planning – several months to a few years Strategic planning – several years to a decade or more

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e11 Planning for Information Systems and Technology (cont’d.) Planning involves evaluating risk. Risk is often related to three factors: 1.Size of the system development project. 2.Familiarity of the business with information technology used in the new system. 3.Amount of structure in the systems development process.

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e12 Planning for Information Systems and Technology (cont’d.) Planning what information systems should be developed and what technology should be used involves selecting an application portfolio. An application portfolio is a description of what systems will be developed, and when, as well as an assessment of the risk associated with each system.

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e13 Acquiring Information Technology Managing Information Systems and Technology

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e14 Acquiring Information Technology Five categories of information technology to be purchased: Hardware Software Networks Data management Personnel and training

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e15 Hardware Computer hardware can be purchased from a number of sources. They include: Computer manufacturers Distributors Retail stores Value added resellers

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e16 Software Software can be developed from scratch, purchased as a package, or purchased and then modified. Sources include: Developed or modified In-house programmers Contract programmers

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e17 Software (cont’d.) Purchased Computer manufacturers Software companies Retail stores Value added resellers

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e18 Networks Technology for networks can be acquired from a number of sources. They include: Network companies Computer manufacturers Software companies Value added resellers Telecommunications companies Value added network companies

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e19 Data Management Acquiring data management technology first requires a decision about the basic approach to data management. Sources include: Computer manufacturers Software companies Database software companies

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e20 Personnel and Training Managers can select personnel from inside the organization or hire from the outside. Training departments with full-time instructors provide courses and other forms of training. Computer Based Training (CBT) software is used to train users online.

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e21 Organizing Information Systems Activities Managing Information Systems and Technology

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e22 Organizing Information Systems Activities Centralized versus decentralized management. Both management structures have advantages. Centralized is more economical with no duplication of personnel. Decentralized provides better response to user needs due to their proximity.

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e23 Organizing Information Systems Activities (cont’d.) In a centralized management structure, decisions related to the information systems and technology are made by a single, centrally located group of managers.

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e24 Organizing Information Systems Activities (cont’d.) In a decentralized management structure, decisions related to the information systems and technology are made by managers working in local departments or groups.

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e25 Information Systems Organizational Structure Department may be called Information Systems (IS), Management Information Systems (MIS), Information Technology (IT), or something similar. Headed by an information systems manager, sometimes called a Chief Information Officer (CIO).

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e26 Information Systems Organizational Structure (cont’d.) Traditional organization of an information systems department: Systems department Operations department Technical support department End-user support department WWW and electronic commerce support

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e27 Systems Department Concerned with developing and maintaining information systems. Staff includes: Systems analysts Programmers, sometimes called application programmers Programmer/Analyst when a person performs both functions

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e28 Operations Department Concerned with operating the computer and network equipment needed in information systems. Staff includes: Computer operators Data entry operators

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e29 Technical Support Department Provides assistance in technical specialties to other areas. Staff includes: Database administrator System programmers Network analysts Network administrators

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e30 End-user Support Department Helps users develop and use computer applications, mainly on personal computers. Staff includes: Personal computer analysts Help desk operators Technical trainers

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e31 WWW and Electronic Commerce Support People involved in Web and e-commerce support are often part of the system development area in the information systems department. Staff includes: Webmaster Web programmers Multimedia developers E-commerce project manager

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e32 Controlling and Securing Information Systems Managing Information Systems and Technology

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e33 Controlling and Securing Information Systems Information system controls Application controls – designed to ensure that the application processes all data correctly and produces the desired output. Input controls Data validation Output controls Storage controls Processing controls

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e34 Controlling and Securing Information Systems (cont’d.) Hardware controls Error-checking hardware Parity bits Duplicate or redundant hardware RAID disk system – Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks Fault-tolerant computer systems Uninterruptible Power Supply – UPS

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e35 Controlling and Securing Information Systems (cont’d.) Failure recovery procedures Backup and recovery procedures Disaster recovery plan Information system security Physical security Electronic security

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e36 Controlling and Securing Information Systems (cont’d.) Preventing computer crime requires special forms of security. Common computer crimes include: Theft of money Theft of data Theft and destruction of hardware Illegal copying of software Destruction of data and software

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e37 The Effects of Information Technology on Employment Managing Information Systems and Technology

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e38 The Effects of Information Technology on Employment The effects of information technology on employment include: Displaced employees Changing patterns of work Employee health

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e39 Ethical Management of Information Systems and Technology Managing Information Systems and Technology

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e40 Ethical Management of Information Systems and Technology Ethical issues include: Privacy – what information should remain confidential Accuracy – is the information accurate Property – who owns the information Access – who needs to have access to the information

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e41 Managing Information Systems and Technology Key Terms

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e42 Key Terms Application Portfolio Application Programmer Chief Information Officer (CIO) Computer-Based Training (CBT) Computer Operator Data Entry Operator E-commerce Project Manager Fault-Tolerant Computer System Hacker Help Desk Help Desk Operator Information Center Information Systems Manager Multimedia Developer

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e43 Key Terms (cont’d.) Network Analyst (Administrator) Personal Computer Analyst Planning Horizon Programmer/Analyst Public Domain Software Shareware Site License Software License Agreement Software Piracy System Programmer Technical Trainer UPS Value Added Reseller (VAR) Virus

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e44 Key Terms (cont’d.) Webmaster Web Programmer

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e45 Summary Planning for Information Systems and Technology Acquiring Information Technology Organizing Information Systems Activities Controlling and Securing Information Systems

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e46 Summary (cont’d.) The Effects of Information Technology on Employment Ethical Management of Information Systems and Technology

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