Chapter 1 Introduction to Database Management

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Welcome! Database technology: crucial to the operation and management of modern organizations Major transformation in computing skills Significant time commitment Exciting journey ahead

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Book Goals First course in database management Practical textbook –Fundamentals of relational databases –Data modeling and normalization –Database application development –Database administration and database processing environments Detailed material

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline Database characteristics DBMS features Architectures Organizational roles

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Initial Vocabulary Data: raw facts about things and events Information: transformed data that has value for decision making Essential to organize data for retrieval and maintenance

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Database Characteristics Persistent Inter-related Shared

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. University Database

Water Utility Database

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Database Management System (DBMS) Collection of components that support data acquisition, dissemination, storage, maintenance, retrieval, and formatting Enterprise DBMSs Desktop DBMSs Embedded DBMSs Major part of information technology infrastructure

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Database Definition Define database before using Tables and relationships SQL CREATE TABLE statement Graphical tools

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. University Database

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. University Database (ERD)

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Nonprocedural Access Query: request for data to answer a question Indicate what parts of database to retrieve not the procedural details Improve productivity and improve accessibility SQL SELECT statement and graphical tools Loop

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Graphical Tool for Nonprocedural Access

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Application Development Form: formatted document for data entry and display Report: formatted document for display Use nonprocedural access to specify data requirements of forms and reports

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Sample Data Entry Form

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Sample Report

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Procedural Language Interface Combine procedural language with nonprocedural access Why –Batch processing –Customization and automation –Performance improvement

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Transaction Processing Transaction: unit of work that should be reliably processed Control simultaneous users Recover from failures

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Database Technology Evolution

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. DBMS Marketplace Enterprise DBMS –Oracle: dominates in Unix; strong in Windows –SQL Server: strong in Windows –Informix: significant Unix marketshare –DB2: strong in mainframe environment Desktop DBMS –Access: dominates –FoxPro, Paradox, Approach, FileMaker Pro

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Data Independence Software maintenance is a large part (50%) of information system budgets Reduce impact of changes by separating database description from applications Change database definition with minimal effect on applications that use the database

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Three Schema Architecture

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Differences among Levels External –FacultyAssignmentFormView: data required for the form in Slide 16 (Figure 1.9) –FacultyWorkLoadReportView: data required for the report in Slide 17 (Figure 1.10) Conceptual: tables in Slide 11 Internal –Files needed to store the tables –Extra files to improve performance

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Client-Server Architecture

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Organizational Roles

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Database Specialists Database administrator (DBA) –More technical –DBMS specific skills Data administrator –Less technical –Planning role

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Summary Databases and database technology vital to modern organizations Database technology supports daily operations and decision making Nonprocedural access is a crucial feature Many opportunities to work with databases