Why study chemistry? 1. It’s required. 2. It sounds interesting. 3. It’s unavoidable. 4. It truly is the central science.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement
Advertisements

CHEMISTRY 1211 Chapter 1. CHEMISTRY WHAT IS IT? SCIENCE DEALING WITH THE COMPOSITION AND ENERGY OF MATTER AND THE CHANGES IN COMPOSITION AND ENERGY THAT.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Lecture.
Matter And Measurement  2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville,
Unit 1-Chemistry and Measurement
Matter and Measurement
CHAPTER 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. DEFINE CHEMISTRY
Chapter 1 Chemical Foundations.
Chapter 1 Chemistry: the Central Science
The Study of Chemistry The Molecular Perspective of Chemistry
Prentice Hall © 2003Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter & Measurement CHEMISTRY The Central Science 9th Edition David P. White.
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter & Measurement
Chapter 1: Chemical Foundations The Scientific Method Units of Measurement Uncertainty in Measurement Significant Figures Dimensional Analysis Temperature.
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement
Chapter 1 Matter.
Chapter 1: Introduction Classification of Matter Matter can exist in different forms or phases: (1) States of Matter.
Dr Ali Bumajdad
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Lecture.
So What’s the Matter? Chem IH Unit 1.
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement
Chapter 1: Part 1 Matter & Measurements
Chapter 1 Review Megan Do & Matt Choi. The Study of Chemistry Chemistry is the study of properties of materials and changes that they undergo. Can be.
Chapter 1 The Study of Chemistry.
Matter and Measurement Ch 1 Brown, LeMay. The Basics (1.2 & 1.3) States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) Particle Spacing.
Matter And Measurement Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO  2006, Prentice.
Matter And Measurement Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement.
Brown, LeMay Ch 1 AP Chemistry Monta Vista High School Matter & Measurement.
. Do Now: 1. Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative observations/data. 2. True or False (explain why): A theory can be proven correct or incorrec.
Chapter 1 The Study of Chemistry. Topics Introduction Scientific Method Classifications of Matter Properties of Matter Units of Measurement – Metric system.
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement. Steps in the Scientific Method 1.Observations - quantitative -  qualitative 2.Formulating hypotheses.
Chemical Foundations. Steps in the Scientific Method 1. Observations -quantitative - qualitative 2.Formulating hypotheses - possible explanation for the.
Measurement and Significant Figures
AP Chemistry Chapter 1: Matter & Measurement. The Study of Chemistry Matter: has mass and occupies space Properties: – characteristics of matter – allow.
Introduction: Matter & Measurement AP Chemistry Chapter 1 (Day 2)
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement. Chemistry: The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Chemical Foundations. Nature of Measurement Part 1 - number Part 2 - scale (unit) Examples: 20 grams 6.63 x Joule seconds Measurement - quantitative.
Matter And Measurement Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement FAYETTEVILLE STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF.
Matter And Measurement Chemistry: The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement. Chemistry How do we talk about things we cannot see?
Chapter One Chemical Foundations. Section 1.1 Chemistry an Overview Macroscopic World Macroscopic World Microscopic World Microscopic World Process for.
Chemistry: The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Introduction: Matter and Measurement. Chemistry: The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Matter And Measurement Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement.
CHAPTER 1* Introduction: Matter and Measurement Suh Kwon.
Matter And Measurement Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO  2006, Prentice.
Matter And Measurement Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement.
Chapter 11 Introduction: Matter and Measurement Chapter 1.
Matter And Measurement Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO  2006, Prentice.
Matter And Measurement Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement Teacher: Mr. A. Mirdaniali AICE Chemistry.
Prentice Hall © 2003Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter & Measurement CHEMISTRY The Central Science 9th Edition David P. White.
Introduction Chapter 1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement
Matter and Measurement
Chapter 1: Chemical Foundations AIM: By the end of this chapter, you are expected to have reviewed: 1. the scientific method 2. measurements (uncertainty,
Introduction   Chapter 1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.  Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement
Chemistry: The Study of Change
Chemistry: The Study of Change
General Chemistry I CHEM 110
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement
Chapter 1: Introduction: Matter and Measurement
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement
Introduction: Matter and Measurement
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement
CHEM 101 General Chemistry ( 1 )
Presentation transcript:

Why study chemistry? 1. It’s required. 2. It sounds interesting. 3. It’s unavoidable. 4. It truly is the central science.

Introduction: Matter and Measurement Chapter 1 BLB 11 th

Expectations Classify matter Properties of matter g ↔ mL (using density) Solve for any variable in a formula. Metric unit conversions Other conversions: temperature, metric- English, etc. Identify and work with significant figures.

1.1 The Study of Chemistry Chemistry is everywhere! Matter is everywhere! Thus, chemistry matters! Chemistry involves the study of matter – its properties and behavior. Macroscopic observations are rooted in microscopic structure.

The Periodic Table of the Elements

Checking in… Name an element: Name a compound: Name a mixture:

A. There are three atoms making up a water molecule. B. The water molecule contains atoms of two different types of elements. C. A water molecule has more than one bond. D. A water molecule has a larger mass than the sum of masses of its constituent atoms.

Molecules O 2, H 2 O, CO 2, C 2 H 5 OH, C 2 H 6 O 2, C 9 H 8 O 4 Models shown on p. 4

1.2 Classification of Matter Matter – anything which has mass and takes up space. States of matter (p. 7): 1. Solid – rigid, regular 2. Liquid – fluid, irregular 3. Gas – open, random Phases of matter

States of Matter

Physical or chemical separation?

The Periodic Table of the Elements

Elements

Group Activity Assemble into groups of four or five. Introduce yourself. Work together. Discuss, argue, and intellectually engage. Record and report your group’s result.

Group Activity Describe the contents of the containers. Devise a plan to determine which liquid is in each of the two containers.

Description

Strategy for identification

1.3 Properties of Matter physical – measured or observed without changing the identity of a substance, e.g. physical state, color, odor, density, boiling point chemical – describes a substance’s reactivity, e.g. flammability, corrosiveness extensive – depends on the amount of matter present, e.g. mass, volume intensive – does not depend on the amount of matter present, e.g. density, color, temperature

Physical & Chemical Changes Physical – change in appearance, not in composition, e.g. phase changes, separation of mixtures: filtration, distillation, chromatography Chemical – new substance is formed as the chemical identities change, e.g. any chemical Dissolve vs. react Explode vs. ignite

Physical or chemical? Helium leaks out of a balloon? Growth of plants by photosynthesis? Salt added to a bowl of soup? Blood turning red upon exposure to air?

Mixture, compound, pure substance? Fruit punch? Sugar? Milk? Gold? Tap water?

1.4 Units of Measurement (SI Units)

Volume – a derived unit

Angstrom Å m

Temperature Scales

Temperature Conversions °F → °C °C → °F °C → K

Density Density – mass per unit volume D = m/V (g/cm 3 or g/mL) Measured at a specific temperature Useful as a conversion factor (g ↔ mL) Most substances become more dense at lower temperatures. Specific gravity – density of a substance divided by the density of a reference substance (usually water); no units

Difference in density values is the reason some things float and others sink.

Density of Water

Calculate the volume (in mL) of 87.6 g of platinum. (D Pt = 21.5 g/cm 3 )

1.5 Uncertainty in Measurement Exact numbers have a defined value, e.g. 12-dozen, 2.54 cm/in; 1000 g = 1 kg; count of objects All measurements have some degree of uncertainty; inexact Types of error: systematic & random The last digit of a measured quantity is uncertain. The more significant figures, the greater the certainty. precision – agreement among data accuracy – agreement of data with true value

Different measuring devices have different uses and different degrees of accuracy and precision.

Significant Figures nonzero numbersalways significant zeroes beforenever betweenalways behindsometimes w/decimal – yes w/o decimal - no

Significant Figures in Calculations A calculated result can be no more certain than the data measured. Mathematical operations (pp ) Averaging least number of decimal places + and -least number of decimal places x and ÷ least number of sig. figs. Round off at the end at the end of a multi- step problem.

Sig. Fig. examples

1.6 Dimensional Analysis Problem-solving strategies: Estimate and then calculate your answer. Do the two agree? Get your units correct and your answer should be correct. Report to correct number of sig. figs. Practice, practice, practice!