Podpora rozvoje cizích jazyků pro Evropu 21. stol. INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.

Ernest Hemingway

Biography He started his career as a writer in a newspaper office at the age of seventeen. After the United States entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. Serving at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitals. After his return to the United States, he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek Revolution.

Biography During the twenties, Hamingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris, which he described in his first novel, The Sun Also Rises (1926). Equally successful was A Farewell to Arms (1929), the study of an American ambulance officer's disillusionment in the war and his role as a deserter. Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war in Spain as the background for his most ambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). Among his later works, the most outstanding is the short novel, The Old Man and the Sea (1952), the story of an old fisherman's journey, his long and lonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat.

Hemingway - himself a great sportsman - liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, at times primitive people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society, and who in this confrontation lose hope and faith. His straightforward prose, his spare dialogue, and his use of understatement are particularly effective in his short stories, some of which are collected in Men Without Women (1927) and The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (1938). Hemingway died in Biography video

Hemingway in World War I uniform (1918)

Hemingway's 1923 passport photo

Hemingway in 1939 Ernest Hemingway writing in Kenya in 1953

Main works The Sun Also Rises (1926) A Farewell to Arms (1929) For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) The Old Man and the Sea (1952)

The Lost Generation The term “lost generation” was coined by Gertrude Stein, a lost generation writer herself, after World War I. It was between the first and second World Wars. Speaking to Ernest Hemingway, she said, "you are all a lost generation."

The Lost Generation is a term used to describe a group of American writers who were rebelling against what America had become by the 1900’s. Seeking the bohemian lifestyle and rejecting the values of American materialism, a number of intellectuals, poets, artists and writers fled to France in the post World War I years. Paris was the center of it all. Full of youthful idealism, these individuals sought the meaning of life, drank excessively, had love affairs and created some of the finest American literature to date.

Writers of the Lost Generation F. Scott Fitzgerald T. S. Eliot Ezra Pound Gertrude Stein Ernest Hemingway John Dos Passos

T. S. Eliot

Ezra Pound

Gertrude Stein

'For a true writer each book should be a new beginning where he tries again for something that is beyond attainment. He should always try for something that has never been done or that others have tired and failed. Then sometimes, with great luck, he will succeed.' Hemingway upon receiving the Novel Prize in literature,1954 Watch and listen Ernest Hemingway's Nobel Prize acceptance speech

The Old Man and the Sea This novella is a story of an epic struggle between an old fisherman and the greatest catch of his life.

The Old Man and the Sea - plot After eighty-four days without catching a fish, Santiago promises his former assistant Manolin that he will go “far out” into the ocean. The marlin takes the bait, but Santiago is unable to pull him in, which leads to a three-day struggle between the fisherman and the fish.

The marlin circles the boat while Santiago slowly reels him in. Santiago is exhausted but finds enough strength to harpoon the marlin through the heart. Santiago sails back to shore with the marlin tied to his boat. Sharks keep attacking the boat. Santiago arrives home with the fish’s sceleton only. The village fishermen and touriststs come to admire the fish. Manolin and Santiago agree to fish together again. Santiago falls into a deep sleep and dreams of lions.

Santiago He is humble but proud, confident abouthis abilities. He has a great knowledge of the sea and its creatures which helps him keep a sense of hope in the most difficult situations. Throughout his life, Santiago has been presented with contests to test his strength and endurance.

The marlin The fishing line serves as a symbol of the fraternal connection Santiago feels with the fish. When the captured marlin is later destroyed by sharks, Santiago feels destroyed as well. Like Santiago, the marlin is implicitly compared to Christ.

Symbols of the marlin Magnificent and glorious, the marlin symbolizes the ideal opponent. In a world in which “everything kills everything else in some way,” Santiago feels genuinely lucky to find himself matched against a creature that brings out the best in him: his strength and courage, his love and respect.

“I have never seen or heard of such a fish. But I must kill him. I am glad we do not have to try to kill the stars.” Imagine if each day a man must try to kill the moon, he thought. The moon runs away.... Then he was sorry for the great fish that had nothing to eat and his determination to kill him never relaxed in his sorrow for him.... There is no one worthy of eating him from the manner of his behavior and his great dignity. I do not understand these things, he thought. But it is good that we do not have to try to kill the sun or the moon or the stars. It is enough to live on the sea and kill our true brothers. ——Selected from The Old Man and the Sea

The Old Man and the Sea The Old Man and the Sea Animated film - part 1 Film part 2

The Sun Also Rises The novel takes place in Europe in The post-war ‘Lost Generation' of veterans who 'continued to live as if they were about to die'.They wander about Europe, drinking, having affairs, and finding no lasting satisfaction in anything. The novel takes place in Europe in The post-war ‘Lost Generation' of veterans who 'continued to live as if they were about to die'.They wander about Europe, drinking, having affairs, and finding no lasting satisfaction in anything. The novel made Hemingway famous and influenced the writing style of the whole generation of authors. The novel made Hemingway famous and influenced the writing style of the whole generation of authors.

Characters Jake Harris - narrator of the story newspaperman, impotent due to a war wound. Lost direction in his life and is trying to find it in drinking, bull fights, friends and nature Lady Brett Ashley - attractive, promiscuous, in love with Jake whom she can't marry because of her sexual needs; Mike - Brett's fiancé, Scottish veteran, close friends with Jake and Bill, drinks too much, shows contempt towards Cohn, is bankrupt because of excessive borrowing.

Robert Cohn : Jewish, an outsider with an inferiority complex. He is trying to be civil and courteous but is the object of scorn from other characters. Bill Gorton: Jake's old friend, less cruel than Michael in his attitudes towards Cohn, a heavy drinker, but more light-hearted than others Pedro Romero: The star bullfighter of the fiesta, younger than others – helped to show Lost Generation's feelings of insecurity and disillusionment compared to their next-younger Generation.

Hemingway's own experience is reflected in the novel, - such as feelings of having no aim or purpose in life after the War. Some of the plot is based on real-life people and events. Themes that run through the novel are for example alcohol and promiscuity, ways of dealing with anxieties and depressions. Another common theme in the novel is money. Personal experience and main themes

The main characters in the novel were all somehow involved in the war. After it has ended they are all trying to find ways to get over the tragedies they suffered. Historical context: World War I New Woman “New Women” of the twenties were educated and stylish, they smoked and drank, and they were active in “male only” areas. This type of woman is represented in this novel by the charater of Lady Brett Ashley. She Was an inspiration for many young women in America- short hairstyles, sweaters etc.

Hemingway with Lady Duff Twysden and Hadley Hemingway, at a cafe in Pamplona, Spain, July 1925.

INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky. Tato výuková prezentace byla pořízena z finančních prostředků hrazených Evropským sociálním fondem a rozpočtem České republiky.