Unit 8: The New South SS8H87: The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918.

The New South Movement Time period from 1877-1919 The New South Movement required 3 changes: Expand industries (factories/businesses) Rely less on cash crops (cotton) Grow more food crops Diversification = adding more industry + more crops. Making money on more than just cotton.

The New South Movement Few Southerners had enough money to start new industries. However, Northern banks and businessmen did have money to invest in the South. The South had great potential = Abundant natural resources and raw materials (timber, coal, iron ore, & cotton) + Cheap labor + a good year-round climate.

The New South Movement Georgians who opposed the New South movement did not want: Larger cities Capitalism Mass production Anything to do with modernizing the South They wanted to keep Georgia rural and agricultural.

Henry Grady http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/henry_grady Known as the “Voice of the New South” Editor of the Atlanta Constitution newspaper Grady traveled the USA informing people of the New South: Industry, diversified farming, and better treatment of African Americans. He was able to attract new businesses, jobs, and investments to the state of Georgia from 1880-1889.

Henry Grady Did you know the following places were named in honor of Henry Grady? Grady county was created in 1905. Grady Hospital was opened on June 1, 1892

3-2-1 Review What were 3 changes that were necessary for the New South Movement to take place? What were the 2 changes that Henry Grady traveled the USA encouraging southerners to do in the 1880s? What is 1 thing that was named in honor of Henry Grady in Georgia?

Alonzo Herndon http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alMl2Nj7Abw From 1883 to 1927, he was the wealthiest African American in the USA Owned the Crystal Palace Barbershop on Peachtree Street in Atlanta Created & owned the Atlanta Life Insurance Company which is still in existence today in 17 states

Bourbon Triumvirate Joseph E. Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John B. Gordon were all past governors of Georgia. They were called the Bourbon Triumvirate. These 3 leaders wanted: Stronger relationships with industries in the North to expand Georgia’s economy White supremacy (the belief that the white is superior to other racial groups)

Bourbon Triumvirate Joseph E. Brown 1857-1865 Alfred Colquitt 1876-1882 John B. Gordon 1886-1890 Terms as state governor

County Unit System The Democratic Party dominated the state of Georgia. The Georgia Constitution of 1877 created the county unit system. Rural counties with small populations controlled the outcomes of Georgia elections; thus people were elected to office without the majority of the state’s vote. This system ended in 1963, because it was unconstitutional.

Tom Watson & the Populists Small farmers, sharecroppers, blacks, and poor whites wanted a political party that would fight for their rights. The Populist Party was created to cater to their needs. This political party was known as “the people’s party.” Tom Watson was the leader of the Populist Party. While serving in the U.S. House of Representatives, he was able to get the Rural Free Delivery (RFD) bill passed into law. The RFD law requires the post office to deliver mail to rural homes free of charge.

Tom Watson & the Populists Tom Watson & the Populist Party threaten the Democratic Party’s control in Georgia. Therefore, the Democrats were pleased when he lost several elections from 1892-1919. In 1920, Tom Watson was elected to the U.S. Senate, because he had changed his views and no longer supported the rights of blacks, Catholics, and Jews. http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/thomas_watson

Ticket out the Door: 5Ws Who was Tom Watson? Where was he from? What did he do during the Populist Movement? When did he become a U.S. Senator? Why did he no longer want blacks to vote for him?

Segregation & Discrimination Southern whites (Democratic Party from 1880s-1910s) wanted to keep African Americans from having political rights. People feared African Americans would rule Georgia politics and gain social equality. Different strategies were used to disenfranchise or deprive black men of their right to vote.

Disenfranchisement By 1908, Georgia used ways to prevent African American men from voting: Poll Tax = fee paid before a person could vote. Literacy Test = test to see if people could read and understand the Constitution. Grandfather Clause = a new law that said a man could vote if a man’s father or grandfather could have voted in a Georgia election before 1867. White Primary = elections only white men could vote in.

Jim Crow Laws Southern states passed Jim Crow Laws to separate the races. It segregated public places (restaurants, trains, water fountains, schools, hospitals, theaters, pools, etc.). In 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Plessy vs. Ferguson that separate but equal facilities were not unconstitutional.

Atlanta Race Riot of 1906 In September 1906, both The Atlanta Journal & The Atlanta Constitution newspapers reported several attacks on white women. These reports set off a race riot. Angry white mobs of men went to African American neighborhoods in Atlanta, attacking people, destroying homes, and burning down black owned businesses. There were reports that 15-30 African Americans were killed.

Black Leadership in the New South Booker T. Washington Encouraged African Americans to learn trade skills. Skills will lead to jobs, which will create economic Strength. Created Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. W.E.B DuBois Disagreed with Booker T. Washington Believed African Americans deserved equal access to political, social, & economic worlds of the South. Education = Success Atlanta University Professor

Lugenia Hope Created different community programs in Atlanta to improve the living conditions of African Americans. Married John Hope, who was the President of Morehouse College in 1906.

Rebecca Latimer Felton She was the 1st woman to serve in the U.S. Senate. She campaigned for the following causes: Anti-lynching Prohibition (banning of alcohol) Suffrage (women’s right to vote) Anti-smoking Anti-drinking of Coca-Cola Child care Compulsory school attendance Admission of women to UGA http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/rebecca_latimer_felton

Leo Frank Case Who do you think murdered Mary Phagen? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JYNeAJPMX58 Who do you think murdered Mary Phagen?