Countering Poaching in Tanzania People & Wildlife, Ltd. Kyle Simon, Mahmut Guler, Rachel Coolican

1.Analyses of the Poaching Problem 2.Review of Previous Policies 3.Policy Recommendations Agenda

Poaching In Tanzania ●Threat to Endangered Animal Populations ●Threat to the Tanzanian Economy ●National Security Implications

Anti-Poaching Measures Operation Uhai (Swahili for Life) ●Implementation ○Decisive Political Will ○Paramilitary Forces ○1989 Ivory Trade Ban ●Outcome ○Elephant Population in Selous Doubled in 10 yrs

Poaching Resurgence ●Half of Elephant population lost since 2007 ●25,000 Elephants killed between 2009 and

Operation Tokomeza ●Success ○Only 2 Elephants poached in 1 month instead of 30 per day from ●Failures ○Operation suspended 1 month after implementation (Nov 2013) ○Exceeded Authority and Human Rights Violations

Resurgence since Tokomeza ●Requirements for Success: ○Political determination ○Public support ○Effective law enforcement with transparency and accountability.

Recommendations: Operation Walinzi Pori 1.Security Sector Reform 2.Strict Legal Measures 3.Location and Timing 4.Local Empowerment and Sustainability Tanzania.jpg

Security Sector Reform ●Counter-poaching is a highly militarized activity ○ To that end, the following is required...

Increased Professionalization of Security Forces ●Two Infantry Companies Recommended ●Pre-Pilot Training Required ○Small Unit Tactics ○Maneuver Under Fire ○Small Arms Familiarization ○First Aid ●Human Rights Awareness

Legislative Recommendations ●Increased Prison Terms for Violations ●Penalties for State-Employed Facilitators and Human Rights Violators ●No Diplomatic Privilege Recognized on exit of Tanzania

Location: Tarangire National Park ●Heavy Traffic ●Farmers, Tourists, Poachers, Elephants ●Predictable Migration ●Proximity to Arusha City and Kenyan Border

Pilot Implementation ●June - October ○ Seasonal Weather Conditions (Spring) ○ Migratory Patterns

Local Empowerment ●NGO Partnering ○ The Wildlife Conservation Society ● Protection of Migratory Corridors ○ The Wildlife Policy of Tanzania ● Wildlife Protection for Social Services ○ The African Wildlife Foundation ● Bomas ○ The Honeyguide Foundation ● Information Gathering and Local Partnerships

When to Destroy an Animal ●Farmers’ Livelihoods ●Local Authority Notification ●Seizure and Destruction of Ivory ○ Failure results in “poaching incident” label

Questions?