Robert Boyle ( ) The Father of Modern Chemistry F.6S Tam Ka Man Yip Wai Ching

Biography 1631: Death of his mother and Boyle goes to live in Dublin 1638: The earl of Cork took both his sons away from the School He was now tutored privately by one of his father's chaplains. 1642: They visited Florence. Galileo died whilst he was in the city.Boyle moved on to Marseille waiting for money from his father 1653: He visited London and met John WIlkins Wilkins had just been appointed as Warden of Wadham College in Oxford

1660: Works with experiments on an air pump He found that sound does not travel in a vacuum. He proved that flames needed air to burn 1661: He argued against Aristotle's four elements of earth, air, fire and water 1662: Boyle's Law first appears. Boyle proved that it was theoretically possible. He was also appointed as a director of the East India Company Written Works: 1660 : “New Experiments Physico-Mechanicall”. 1661: “Physiologocial Essays”. 1662: “Sceptical Chymist”. 1666: “Origin of Forms and Qualities”. 1664: “Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours”. (1692): “General History of the Air”.

n = number of molesmoles R = universal gas constant = J/mol K N = number of molecules k = Boltzmann constant = x J/K = x eV/K k = R/N A N A = Avogadro's number = x /mol An ideal gas is defined as one in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly eleastic and in which there are no intermolecular attractive forces. An ideal gas can be characterized by three state variables: absolute pressure (P), volume (V), and absolute temperature (T).

where the subscripts i and f refer to the initial and final states of some process. If the temperature is constrained to be constant, this becomes: which is referred to as Boyle's Law. If the pressure is constant, then the ideal gas law takes the form Ideal Gas Law with Constraints For the purpose of calculations, it is convenient to place the ideal gas law in the form:

Boyle's Law PV=C

Boyle's law - P vs V

Boyle's law - P vs 1/V

Gases have various properties ： gas pressure, temperature, mass, and the volume Robert Boyle studied the relationship between the pressure p and the volume V The product of pressure and volume is exactly a constant for an ideal gas. p * V = constant This relationship between pressure and volume is called Boyle's Law in his honor

LITMUS PAPER An acid turns blue litmus paper red and a base turns red litmus paper blue