North Africa Egypt Major civilization built along the Nile River Great Pyramids, hieroglyphics, temples Began 3,500 b.c.

West Africa Ghana gold trade Mali gold trade Timbuktu– libraries and universities Muslim scholars Songhai gold trade also attracted Muslim scholar

East and equatorial Tanzania-- Paleoanthropologists the Leakys find human fossils In Great Rift Valley

East and Equatorial Africa Ethiopia Donald Johnson finds 3.2 million year old skeleton names her Lucy Begins theory that humankind began in East Africa 1974

East and Equatorial Africa Ethiopia Glory of Kings,The Bible, and the Qur’an Queen Sheba gives birth to King Solomon’s son, beginning a line of kings that last for 225 generations Major trading empire 2700 b.c.

East and Equatorial Africa Sudan Nubian Empire built monuments conquered Egypt for brief period

East and Equatorial Africa Muslim Trade Development of Swahili language major language in East Africa Zimbabwe- legend of great trading city before Portuguese colonists

Southern Africa Bantu Migration Zulu tribe- Shaka Zulu Xhoso tribe Ndebele tribe

Europe Comes to Africa Portugese trade gold,salt ivory Colonization of New World need labor in fields Development of slave trade Triangular Trade route Europe- send goods to be exchanged for slaves Africa- slaves to the Americas

Scramble for Africa End of slavery Africa seen as source of cheap labor, raw materials 80% of continent under European control by end of 1800’s Colonies changed hands with European wars Boundaries drawn that divided tribes and forced different tribes together

European Colonization of Africa