Earth Science Review Modules 3 and 4

Module Three: Processes and Forces of the Lithosphere Examples of physical weathering. Frost action temperature organic activity 3dparks.wr.usgs.gov3dparks.wr.usgs.gov × Search by imageThe geologic story of the formation of the natural bridges is linked to the physical weathering properties of the rocks, stream drainage pattern changes, etc.800 × 633Search by image

A delta is: Large amounts of sediments are deposited at the mouth of a river. deltas.usgs.gov × Search by image Satellite Image of the Mekong and Mississippi River Deltas The U.S. Geological Survey is bringing its broad scientific understanding of the Mississippi

3 methods of controlling erosion. Terracing Plant and Soil Sciences eLibraryplantandsoil.unl.eduPlant and Soil Sciences eLibraryplantandsoil.unl.edu × Search by imageHillside contour strawberry farming in Monterey County, CA.800 × 571Search by image Strip cropping or contour farming × Search by imageContour Farming. Source: USDA - Natural Resources Conservation Service285 × 203Search by image Drainage ditches × Search by imageDitches at sites with heavy recreational fishing pressure.600 × 450Search by image

Chemical weathering Carbonation Geology of National Parks3dparks.wr.usgs.govGeology of National Parks3dparks.wr.usgs.gov × Search by imageIn the past, wind-blown dust and soil probably filled the alcove to higher levels and chemical weathering associated with shallow groundwater800 × 596Search by image plant acids The Geologic Story of the Ocoee Riverpubs.usgs.govThe Geologic Story of the Ocoee Riverpubs.usgs.gov × Search by imagePhotograph of folded rock layers near Maddens Branch Folded rock layers near Maddens Branch. [Photograph by David Usher, U.S. Geological Survey]378 × 233Search by image and oxidation Mars & Iron Mountain | USGS California Water Science Centerca.water.usgs.govMars & Iron Mountain | USGS California Water Science Centerca.water.usgs.gov × Search by imageGossan is a rock consisting mostly of iron oxides formed by weathering of rock originally greater than 50% iron sulfide (usually pyrite).625 × 468Search by image

Causes of soil mismanagement Clearing vegetation, overuse of fertilizers, pollution

The top layer of the soil horizon Organic Earthquake Glossary - soil profileearthquake.usgs.govEarthquake Glossary - soil profileearthquake.usgs.gov × Search by imageSoil profile in hills of Manisa Province, Turkey, showing a distinct horizon of accumulated red-purple metallic (manganese and/or iron?) oxides261 × 372Search by image

Parent Rock Determines what type of soil will be produced by weathering pubs.usgs.govpubs.usgs.gov × Search by imageHA 730-N Hawaii Volcanic-rock aquifers, Ground-Water Occurrence and Movemen390 × 362Search by image

Module Four: Plate Tectonics, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes Matching coastlines, fossil evidence, and rock formations are all evidence for the theory of Continental Drift Which was first presented by Alfred Wegener NASA: _resources%2Fpangea_strip.jpg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fscience1.nasa.gov%2Fscience-news%2Fscience-at- nasa%2F2002%2F28jan_extinction%2F&h=180&w=475&tbnid=FfGsh6Kq8jfo6M%3A&zoom=1&docid=i4GY8XswmaDw4M&ei=CqM5U4O0K KL50gH-xYDIDw&tbm=isch&ved=0CGEQhBwwBA&iact=rc&dur=4286&page=1&start=0&ndsp= × Search by imageFigure 12. Distribution of several plant and animal fossils found in the continents that formed284 × 218Search by image Interactive Earth game: click below.

The Appalachian Mountains are very old, and have stopped growing. Older mountains tend to have more rounded tops due to erosion over a long time. Below: Geology of National Parks3dparks.wr.usgs.gov × Search by imageMap of the Appalachian Mountains region showing the extent of the sedimentary and crystalline rock belts.Geology of National Parks3dparks.wr.usgs.gov432 × 613Search by image Right: energy.usgs.gov × Search by image Welcome to the Energy Resources Program Website "Appalachian Coal" Area.energy.usgs.gov940 × 180Search by image

NASA - Why Isn't the Earth Perfect? - Why Isn't the Earth Perfect? × Search by imageThe plates float on top of the hot layer of the Earth's mantle. Credit: NASA Tectonic plate boundaries are:330 × 204Search by image

The layers of the earth from the center to the outside are Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Crust Introduction to Physical Geology Syllabuswww.geol.umd.eduIntroduction to Physical Geology Syllabuswww.geol.umd.edu × Search by imageCore: From 2880 km. to the center. Metallic - primarily of nickel and iron. (There is an outer liquid core and a solid inner core - same composition, different physical state.)647 × 648Search by image

Mt. St. Helens is a Strato volcano. Strato volcanoes are explosive and blow the rock covering off in a cloud of small fragments called ash. Strato volcanoes are also called composite volcanoes, because they build up layers of ash and lava. Often before an eruption from a strato- volcano, earthquakes will occur. Earthquakes often give warnings. Small earthquakes that precede (happen before) large earthquakes are called foreshocks. vulcan.wr.usgs.govvulcan.wr.usgs.gov × Search by image Image, click to enlarge: MSH82_st_helens_plume_from_harrys_ridge_ jpg. Plumes of steam, gas, and ash often occurred at Mount St. Helens.600 × 406Search by image

Volcanoes of Lewis and Clark - Mount St. Helens - Summaryvulcan.wr.usgs.govVolcanoes of Lewis and Clark - Mount St. Helens - Summaryvulcan.wr.usgs.gov × Search by image Mountains grow from640 × 481Search by image Folding Fault Blocking, and Volcanoes

Earth’s Mantle An elastic layer of molten rock that has the force to move the tectonic plates USGS Geology in the Parksgeomaps.wr.usgs.govUSGS Geology in the Parksgeomaps.wr.usgs.gov

The Lithosphere Made of the Crust and Upper Mantle The crust is where the action is. The entire rock cycle takes place in the crust, from magma pools deep below, to mountain peaks, high above the surface. Earthquakes, are often preceded by warning trembling, called foreshocks × Search by imageFigure 3: Three types of plate convergance resulting in subduction. (Image Source. US Gelogical Survey.)750 × 463Search by image