The student will be able to… Identify the basic characteristics of organism, including prokaryotic or eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, autotrophic or heterotrophic, and mode of reproduction, that further classify them in the currently recognized Kingdoms.

Key Terms to Know Write these Key Terms in your notes!!!! (words on left) Unicellular – made up of one cell (ex. bacteria) Multicellular – made up of more than one cell (ex. you) Prokaryote – cells with an outside membrane only, the organelles inside do not have membranes, no nucleus Eukaryote – cells with outside membranes and the organelles inside have membranes; ex: nuclear membrane around the nucleus (ex. Plants and animals) Autotrophic – makes its own food through the process of photosynthesis (ex. - plants) Heterotrophic – does not make its own food; relies on (eats/digest) others for food (ex.- you) Modes of Reproduction– Asexual or Sexual Reproduction

Here's a simple visual comparison between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell: It's pretty obvious from these two little pictures that there are two general categories of difference between these two cell types: size and complexity. Eukaryotic cells are much larger and much more complex than prokaryotic cells. Despite their apparent differences, these two cell types have a lot in common. They perform most of the same kinds of functions, and in the same ways. Both are enclosed by plasma membranes, filled with cytoplasm, and loaded with small structures called ribosomes. Both have DNA which carries the archived instructions for operating the cell. Prokaryotes were here first and for billions of years were the only form of life. Eukaryotes appeared approximately one billion years ago. http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/karyotes.html

Two Types of Cells Write these on a foldable with 2 flaps or double bubble map Prokaryotic Cells No nucleus No membrane-covered organelles Circular DNA Bacteria Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus Membrane-covered organelles (example: nuclear membrane) Linear DNA All other cells It's pretty obvious from these two little pictures that there are two general categories of difference between these two cell types: size and complexity. Eukaryotic cells are much larger and much more complex than prokaryotic cells. Despite their apparent differences, these two cell types have a lot in common. They perform most of the same kinds of functions, and in the same ways. Both are enclosed by plasma membranes, filled with cytoplasm, and loaded with small structures called ribosomes. Both have DNA which carries the archived instructions for operating the cell. Prokaryotes were here first and for billions of years were the only form of life. Eukaryotes appeared approximately one billion years ago. http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/karyotes.html How they are the same: cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA Despite their differences they perform most of the same kinds of functions in the same way.

Classification Hierarchy Domain Kingdom All organisms Phylum Did King Philip Come Over For Great Spagetti Class Order Family Genus Species One type of organism

Title: Classification of Living Things (copy this page) broadest Did – Domain (3) Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya King – Kingdom (6) Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungus, Plants, Animals Philip – Phylum Come – Class Over – Order For – Family Great – Genus Spaghetti – Species most specific

A B E

The 6 kingdoms of life are separated mainly by: How their cells are structured How organisms attain (get) the energy they need to survive (Write these in your notes)

The Kingdom that the organism is assigned to is based on- Cell type (presence of a nucleus/nuclear membrane) [prokaryotic or eukaryotic] The number of cells in the body (unicellular or multicellular) 3. Its ability to make food or not (autotrophic or heterotrophic)

E B A Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Multi-cell Protista Fungi Plantae Single or multi cell Multi-cell Live in extreme conditions Live everywhere Autotrophic Absorbed from decay Heterotrophic Move – Cilia/flagella Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Bacteria Archaea E B A

6 Kingdoms Use the information on the next several slides to complete the chart

Monera has been divided into 2 kingdoms Archaea (Archaebacteria) Eubacteria Both are prokaryotic – which means the only membrane is on the outside, the organelles inside don’t have outer walls

Archaea or Archaebacteria Prokaryotic (no nuclear membrane) Unicellular Both Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Oldest living organisms on Earth Use flagella to move found in very harsh conditions (such as at the bottom of the sea or in volcanic vents) Example: halobacteria The Bacteria kingdom is made up of prokaryotic organisms. This means that their cells lack the structure that eukaryotic cells (our cells for example) have, such as a nucleus and mitochondria. All the other kingdoms consist of eukaryotic organisms that do have structure to their cells. The differences between these eukaryotic kingdoms (fungi, plants, and animals) are based on how they aquire energy to live. Plants make their own energy from sunlight by using photosynthesis. Animals and fungi are very similar in that they must ingest other organisms in order to get the energy they need. The main differences are that animals are mobile and eat food whereas fungi are immobile and absorb their food. The protist kingdom, though also eukaryotic, has little rhyme or reason to it. It consists of mostly single-celled organisms that don't really fit in any of the other kingdoms at all.                                                             

Eubacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular Both Autotrophic and Heterotrophic More complex and common than the archaea It is the eubacteria that most people are talking about when they say bacteria, because they live in more neutral conditions. Use flagella to move They can be found everywhere around us – in our bodies, our food, etc. Bacteria like strep

Protista Eukaryotic – the organelles, like the nucleus, have membranes Unicellular Both Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Have nucleus and other cell structures Use cilia, flagella or pseudopod to move Examples: algae, amoeba

Fungi Eukaryotic Multi-cellular (many cells) Heterotrophic Cannot move Absorb nutrients from other organisms Examples: mushrooms, yeast, molds

Plantae Multi-cellular Eukaryotic Autotrophic Cannot move Use energy from the sun to make sugars Examples: trees, flowers, ferns

Animalia Eukaryotic Multi-cellular Heterotrophic Most can move Get energy by consuming other organisms Examples: invertebrates, fish, birds, mammals

Recap The Bacteria kingdom is made up of prokaryotic organisms. This means that their cells lack the structure that eukaryotic cells (our cells for example) have, such as a nucleus and mitochondria. All the other kingdoms consist of eukaryotic organisms that do have structure to their cells.

The differences between these eukaryotic kingdoms (fungi, plants, and animals) are based on how they aquire energy to live. Plants make their own energy from sunlight by using photosynthesis. (autotrophic) Animals and fungi are very similar in that they must ingest other organisms in order to get the energy they need (heterotrophic) The main differences are that: animals are mobile and eat food fungi are immobile and absorb their food (write these in your notes)

The protist kingdom, though also eukaryotic, has little rhyme or reason to it. It consists of mostly single-celled organisms that don't really fit in any of the other kingdoms at all.

Which is a picture of a Plant? NEXT QUESTION

Which is a picture of a Protist? NEXT QUESTION

Which is a picture of an Animal? NEXT QUESTION

Which is a picture of an Eubacteria? NEXT QUESTION

Which is a picture of a Fungus? FINISHED

Characteristics Organism A Organism B Number of Cells Multicellular Unicellular Type of Nutrition Autotrophic Heterotrophic Nuclear membrane Present Absent DNA Based on the information in the chart, which organism belongs to the Kingdom Eubacteria?

Parts of a Flower Stigma – (F) sticky top Style – (F) slender stalk Pistil – tube grown out of ovary – pollen goes in to Petal – attracts insects Ovary – Female part - makes ovules Ovule – (F) holds eggs Sepal – protection/support Filament – (M) stalk Stamen – (M) produces pollen that contains sperm cells Anther – (M) pollen sac Pollen grains – contain sperm cells Pollination occurs when pollen lands on a pistil, sperm cells move down through the ovary, fertilizing the egg cells. 3 9 5 6 11.