Recent Progress in Television Christoph Dosch David Wood ITU-R Study Group 6

What to expect?

What is the progress? Increasing the viewer’s sense of involvement and quality of experience. Increasing the range and type of services that the viewer is able to access on the same terminal (’convergence’). Increasing the efficiency by which the services are delivered. Made possible by technology improvements in displays and IC density. QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

Where are the main areas of progress in practice? HDTV, UHDTV (Ultra-HD, Super Hi-Vision). Stereoscopic 3DTV (with glasses) Frame Compatible (FC) S-3DTV Service Compatible (SC) S-3DTV Auto-stereoscopic AS-3DTV (no glasses) Broadband/Broadcast convergence Smart TV, Second Screen, or Combination We concentrate for this presentation on the first two above but provide a bit of info on the latter two QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

But what makes media technology successful is changing! The Old Success Factors Content available Furniture value Image/Sound Quality Usability Continuous Externalities Price The New Elements Playback failure Social context Contiguous Externalities Prior experiences/Expectations Personal skills available The Inactive Generation 34 plus years’ old The Interactive Generation 0 -to-34 years’ old QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

‘Quality of Experience’ factors to consider Static resolution and sharpness Dynamic resolution (strobing, judder, detail in moving objects) Flicker Colour fidelity (primaries, colour encoding) Dynamic range (bit/sample, transfer characteristic) Depth perception (depth cues) Audio object localization and fidelity Need: improving them with a significant step in a balanced, affordable, and comfortable way Backward compatibility can also be important QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

‘System Efficiency’ factors to consider Video Compression Audio Compression Transport Layer Modulation systems Need: improving them in a significant step in a balanced and affordable way, in line with quality factors Backward compatibility can also be important QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

Who does what in UHDTV? CEA / DE ITU-R EBU UHDTV DVB SMPTE Rec. ITU BT.2020: Parameters for UHDTV CEA / DE UHD-1 Test material ITU-R SG6 WP6c FTV - BeyondHD UHD-1 vs HDTV Frame rate issues? ITU-R EBU Report ITU BT 2246-1: State of UHDTV systems UHDTV DVB CM/TM - AVC SMPTE CM - UHDTV 24TB – SG on UHDTV Ecosystem *jointly with ITU-T (H.265) MPEG (ISO/IEEC) HEVC* 3D Audio SMPTE 2036 – 1 : Image parameters for UHDTV Main profile SMPTE 2036 – 2 : Audio characteristics and audio mapping Main 10 profile SMPTE 2036 – 3 : Mapping of UHDTV in 10Gbps interface 32NF – Multilink 3G SDI QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 8

ITU Created the current reference document for UHDTV image parameters Rec. ITU-R BT 2020 - Aug’12. ITU-R BT 2246-1 – Aug’12. provides a report on the study of the different UHDTV parameters listed in BT 2020 Available for download on the ITU website of Study Group 6 http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.asp?category=study-groups&rlink=rsg6&lang=en (Click on Publications) Lots of choices ! Great ! QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 9

Rec. ITU-R BT.2020 Two UHDTV levels – 8 Mpixels and 32 Mpixels images Assembled multiples of HDTV 1080p/1920 – 4 and 16 times Parameter values were chosen to be ‘future-proof’ to last 30 years New wider ‘colour primaries’ Option of ‘constant luminance YUV coding’ Bit depth 10 and 12 bits/sample Frame rates up to 120Hz (for better motion portrayal) QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

Parameters in THE UHDTV signal format Value Aspect Ratio 16x9 Pixel Raster 3840x2160 (4k), 7680x4320 (8k) Pixel aspect ratio 1:1 (square pixels) Scan Progressive Frame Rate 120, 60, 60/1.001, 50, 30, 30/1.001, 25, 24, 24/1.001 Precision 10 bits 12 bits Code for Reference Black 64 256 Code for Reference White 940 3760 Value for Reference Black (cd/m2) unspecified Value for Reference White (cd/m2) Non-linear coding Linear+Gamma 2.2 (same as Rec.709) QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

What happens to quality with increasing spatial resolution? Quality proportional to square root of resolution QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

Higher frame rate improves viewing experience UHD-2 32Mpixels 16x1080p Displays 2020? ? UHD-1 8Mpixels 4x1080p Displays 2014? ‘Movie’ Frame rates. 24,25,30 Hz ‘TV’ Frame rates. 50, 60, 60/1.001 Higher Frame rates. 100,120 Hz Similar to DCI movie format – content readily available QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

The Future is Faster : 50 and 60fps are too low frame rates Static Resolution in UHDTV is much better than SD Dynamic Resolution no better than SD unless frame-rate is increased SD 50 Hz UHDTV 60 Hz HD 50 Hz UHDTV 120 Hz QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 14 14

Do we need new DVB delivery systems for UHDTV? DVB-S2 has the capacity for UHD-1, and it will be followed by new satellite systems with higher capacity (backwards compatible/non backwards compatible) DVB-T2 is adequate for UHD-1, but system with MIMO may be valuable for UHD-2 UHDTV probably needs an adaptive streaming system for broadband Internet QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

Korea – Terrestrial UHD-1 is on trial with DVB-T2 today. QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

Audio for UHDTV No ITU agreement on new system yet Large screens make height localization more valuable Screen surround may include speakers, or speakers may be around the room? Three basic approaches – channel based, scene based, and object based Channel based – e.g ‘22.2’ ch. and ‘10.2’ ch. Scene based – e.g. ‘ambisonics’ Object based – e.g. ATMOS All could also be used with ‘binaural headphones’! Proposals to ITU has been made for universal speaker location system QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

Two broadcast profiles under discussion in DVB project, drawing on BT For use in 2014/2015, the UHD-1C profile. (C=conventional frame rate) Up to 60Hz. 5.1 audio. 10 bits/sample but include 1080p/up to 120Hz in decoder For use in 2017/2018, the UHD-1H profile (H=high frame rate) up to 120Hz High Dynamic Range metadata scalable video so UHD-1C and UHD-1H are forward and backward compatible. advanced audio system QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

3DTV - ITU Profiles and Levels First Generation 3DTV (two views) Level 0 3DTV Anaglyph Level 1 3DTV Frame Compatible (half of vertical/horizontal resolution) Level 2 3DTV Frame Compatible with top up Level 3 3DTV Service Compatible (L + difference signal) Second Generation 3DTV (multiple lateral views) Third Generation 3DTV (Object Wave Recording) QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

The 3DTV situation Today S-3DTV displays widely available – using either polarization plane or shutter glass viewing. Most used broadcast system today is the DVB ‘Frame Compatible’ (FC) system Blu Ray system is a ‘Service Compatible’ (SC) system with an MVC (multiple video coding) ‘top up’ signal Some use (Korea) of a ‘Dual Stream’ (DS) system with independent L and R HDTV images (mixed MP2/MP4) Future (next ten years) probably lies with an AS-3DTV system, using Ultra-HD displays that display multiple images, with screen coating that directs the viewers’ eyes to one pairs of images QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 20

3DTV or UHDTV – WHICH IS BEST? UHDTV suit different things. 3DTV suits certain types of programme content. Benefits come where you can get cameras physically close to the action, and where there is limited action. UHDTV suits certain types of content. Benefits come when there is a ‘large canvas’ event with lots of detail and motion. Both 3DTV and UHDTV have strengths! QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

One of the big UHDTV jobs to be done -Metadata To allow for different display colour primaries (2020 is close to OLED primaries, but others in practical use as well) To allow for different colour encoding (CL and non CL) To signal frame rates To signal audio system Would you like to help? QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

IBB – Integrated Broadcast-Broadband systems ITU-Term for convergence at the service level (Report to be published in BT series) Examples are HbbTV (Europe), YouView (UK) or HybridCast (Japan) Receivers/terminals are equipped with both a broadcast and an Internet interface – broadcast and Internet-based services cooperate (or not) Such TV receivers or set-top boxes are often called Connected TV or Smart TV Most flat screens sold today are Smart TVs QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 23

Example: HbbTV (Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV) – An Open ETSI Standard Current version: ETSI TS 102 796 v1.2.1 (November 2012) First ETSI standard (version 1.0) in June 2010 Work ongoing towards version 2.0 (with support of the EU project HBB-NEXT) All references under www.hbbtv.org The HbbTV specification does not depend on a particular broadcast link nor on a particular IP link. It may be applicable with either or connection, but gains most momentum in a connected environment to broadcast and broadband http://www.hbb-next.eu/ QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

The RED BUTTON function Examples of using HbbTV The RED BUTTON function When selecting a TV programme, the „RED BUTTON“ signals possible access to HbbTV services QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

Launcher application (first national German programme) Examples of using HbbTV Launcher application (first national German programme) After pushing the RED BUTTON on the remote control the START PAGE appears QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

Examples of using HbbTV Second Screen for easy operation and additional services (e.g. for barrier-free TV) Ideal for additional services such as sign language, audio description, clear audio or spoken subtitles (with or without mixed original sound) Via the tablet the TV application can be made invisible (Demonstration at IFA 2012 jointly provided by IRT and rbb) QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

Use of HbbTV in combination with a 2nd Screen Principle of the Second Screen framework Use of HbbTV in combination with a 2nd Screen Any display device that allows connection to Internet can be used Diagramme: HBB-NEXT QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

Conclusions Progress is due to improvements in IC density and display technology These allow systems with greater efficiency Progress comes in the quality of experience, efficiency and range of services on the same terminal (plus “convergence”) Most important for the next 5 years may be UHD-1 and possibly auto-stereoscopic 3DTV on UHD-1 displays But what makes a system successful is changing! QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013

Thank you for listening! Christoph Dosch David Wood dosch@irt.de wood@ebu.ch Chair ITU-R SG 6 Chair ITU-R WP 6C www.irt.de www.ebu.ch