Yukihiro NISHIDA NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) Digital broadcasting in Japan, and R&D at NHK towards future broadcasting including UHDTV and 3DTV Yukihiro NISHIDA NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation)

Digital broadcasting in Japan R&D at NHK towards future broadcasting Outline Digital broadcasting in Japan Terrestrial and satellite broadcasting R&D at NHK towards future broadcasting Strategy Hybridcast UHDTV 3DTV Next generation of DTTB system

Digital broadcasting in Japan

History of Broadcasting in Japan 1925 2011 Radio 1953 2011 Terrestrial Analog TV 1969 FM Radio 1984 2011 Satellite Analog TV 1989 2007 Satellite Analog HDTV 2000 Satellite Digital HDTV 2003 Terrestrial Digital HDTV 2006 For Mobile

Digital Broadcasting in Japan Terrestrial Satellite (Dec. 2000 ~) (Dec. 2003 ~) ISDB-T (Terrestrial) ISDB-S (Satellite) 12GHz band UHF band HDTV (1080) Digital receivers: 114 millions (cumulative) (as of Apr. 2011) Mobile receivers: 104 millions (cumulative) (as of Mar. 2011) Fixed reception ISDB: Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting

Feature of ISDB-S (Satellite) Multiple HDTV programs and hierarchical service in a channel Example of slot allocation within a channel Controlled by TMCC Clear sky Heavy rain -2 slots TS 1 (HDTV) 22-slot TS 1 (HDTV) 24-slot 48-slot Symbol rate 28.86 Mbaud TC8PSK (1.08 Mbps/slot) TS 2 (HDTV) 24-slot TS 2 (HDTV) 24-slot TS 1 (LDTV) 1-slot QPSK 1/2 (1.08 Mbps/ 2slots) +1 slot TS 1 (LDTV) can be received even in a heavy rain. 6

Satellite Broadcasting in Japan (12 GHz band) CH-1 HD CH-3 CH-5 CH-7 CH-9 CH-11 CH-13 CH-15 CH-17 CH-19 CH-21 CH-23 Current NHK Analog HD After July 2011 SD x7 7

Feature of ISDB-T (Terrestrial) Simulcast of HDTV and service for mobile reception in one channel 13-segment, channel bandwidth: 6 MHz HDTV (1080) 12-segment 12-segment 1-segment One-segment On-air program 64QAM FEC = 3/4 (16.851Mbps) QPSK FEC = 2/3 (416kbps) Data service

ISDB-T supports 3 reception types One TV channel 6, 7, or 8 MHz (13 segments) Fixed Reception 12 segment HDTV Internet / Telephone modem Home Receiver TV station 1 segment 12 or 1 segment Mobile Reception Handheld Reception Communication link diversity reception Handheld terminal Receiver in Vehicle

Emergency Warning System Text Possibility of a flood in the xxx river has increased. Residents in the surrounding areas should evacuate. Areas affected are as follows. Warning message and picture Emergency evacuation areas Server TV station Evacuation recommendation order On-air waves Start signal + warning Automatic converter Master room EMG-button Tuner power-ON and warning message Mobile base station Request

Analog TV and Digital TV Terrestrial TV broadcasting in Japan VHF band UHF band 90-108MHz 1 - 3ch 170-222MHz 4 - 12ch 470-770MHz 13 - 62ch Current Analog TV Analog TV Analog TV and Digital TV 18MHz 52MHz 300MHz 18MHz 32.5MHz 14.5MHz 90-108MHz 170-202.5MHz 207.5-222MHz （Guard band） After July 2011 Digital TV Multimedia for mobile Telecom MM for mobile (VHF Low) (VHF High) 240MHz 10MHz 40MHz Guard band 470-710MHz 13 - 52ch 730-770MHz 715-725MHz 2012 Digital TV Multimedia for mobile Telecom MM for mobile ITS IMT 11

Countries adopting ISDB-T and current status Date Country Status Jun. 29, 2006 Brazil Launched in Dec. 2007 Apr. 23, 2009 Peru Launched in March 2010 Aug. 28, 2009 Argentina Launched in April 2010 Sep. 14, 2009 Chile Adopted Oct. 6, 2009 Venezuela Mar. 25, 2010 Ecuador May 25, 2010 Costa Rica Jun. 1, 2010 Paraguay Jun. 11, 2010 The Philippines Jul. 5, 2010 Bolivia Dec. 27, 2010 Uruguay Under study in some other countries

Research & Development at NHK towards future broadcasting

NHK Science and Technology Research Labs.(STRL) Established in 1930. 222 researchers (as of March 2011) Research areas Research for realizing enhanced reality and spatial reproduction media Super Hi-Vision, three-dimensional television, and high-presence audio systems Research for realizing useful and universal services Advances in digital broadcasting, techniques for linking broadcasting and communications networks, and user-friendly broadcast services Research for realizing environment for producing advanced content Next-generation content-production systems, storage systems, imaging systems, and display systems

Broadcast services for all people, handicapped, and elderly people NHK’s R&D Strategy Natural 3D images not causing visual fatigue Spatial Imaging 3DTV 20Years Extremely high sense of reality as if you were on the site Ultra HDTV 10Years Enhance TV experience by taking advantage of broadcasting and communications services Hybrid Broadcasting 3Years Broadcast services for all people, handicapped, and elderly people Access Technology Today and future

3 years – Hybrid Broadcasting System (broadcast, quality, reliability) program Hybridcast receiver Communication （meet personal request） Broadcast station Additional information Network (cloud) Connected-TV Synchronization CGM, SNS Content control/ delivery Content protection Personal data protection Home

10 years - Ultra High Definition TV (Super Hi-Vision) Ultra high definition video - 33 Megapixels 22.2 Multichannel sound

Sensation of Reality (sense of being there) <HDTV> 1920 pixels Viewing angle: 30º 1080 pixels Viewing distance: 3H Test system of sensation of reality < UHDTV > Super Hi-Vision HDTV 7680 pixels 4320 pixels 100º Viewing distance: 0.75 H (H: picture height) 18

Visual fidelity (sense of realness) Real object Display Observer <HDTV> 1920 pixels 1080 pixels Resolution: 30cpd Test system of sensation of realness Viewing distance: 3H Super Hi-Vision HDTV < UHDTV > 7680 pixels Sensation of realness (ln(p)) 4320 pixels Resolution: 120cpd Viewing distance: 3H Real object (H: picture height) Resolution (cpd) (cpd: cycles per degree) 19

Wide-gamut colorimetry RGB monochromatic primaries on the spectrum locus UHDTV Red(630nm) Green(532nm) Blue(467nm) HDTV Coverage of Pointer’s colour UHDTV: 99.9% HDTV: 75% Most of the real object colors and the color gamut of the existing video systems (HDTV, D-Cinema, and Adobe RGB) are covered. Texture of objects and highly saturated colours that are closer to those of real objects are reproduced well.

The world first 85-inch LCD for 8K UHDTV

20 years – Spatial imaging 3DTV Goggle-free and fatigue-free 3DTV system

Integral photography Holography Research on 3DTV at NHK 1960 1980 1990 2000 2010　　　　　 Basic Research Exploring various 3D systems Visual comfort/discomfort Visual fatigue Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 - 3DTV systems - Stereo vision - Human factors, etc. - Parallax barrier system Requirements for comfortable 3D viewing (system and programs) - Parallax distribution analysis Lenticular System (1994) Full parallax, no glasses Integral photography Holography Phase 4 Compact 3D HDTV Camera (1998) Electronic Holography 3D HDTV Demonstration at NAB (1991) Integral 3DTV 23

Principle of Integral Imaging Elemental images on a display plate The system requires capture and display technologies that provide exceedingly high definition images. Lens array Reconstructed image Elemental image Observer Real image Reproduction of the intensity and direction of light rays Elemental image (around 20 x 20 pixels) Display plate 24

The system uses micro-lens arrays to capture and display 3D images Integral 3DTV System The system uses micro-lens arrays to capture and display 3D images Converging lens Diffusion screen Reconstructed image Depth control lens B G R Object UHDTV Display UHDTV Camera Observer Upper Right Left Lower Full-parallax Lens array GRIN Lens array Features - Natural viewing experience without special glasses - Full parallax in horizontal and vertical directions - Feasibility of live broadcast

Developments of Integral 3DTV 1920x1080 lenses (20??) Integral 3DTV Stereoscopic 3D HDTV 2,000,000 Multi-view 3D HDTV (eg.10 viewpoints) 1.5Tbps Lens count 3Gbps 1,000,000 853x480 lenses (202?) Integral 3DTV 300Gbps 100,000 160x117 lenses (2004) viewing angle: 17.5 degree 4Kx2K system based 400x250 lenses (2009) viewing angle: 24 degree Full resolution SHV based 72Gbps 50,000 10,000 182x140 lenses (2007) Dual-green SHV based 54x59 lenses (1999) HDTV based pixel count of the base video system 2M 8M 16M 33M 800M

Next Generation Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Dual Polarized MIMO Channel equalizer MIMO-ODFM Demodulation Dual Polarized Antenna Ultra-multilevel OFDM Reducing the required C/N Error Correction Channel Estimation Schemes Interference Cancellation ISDB-T 2003 202x ?? Mbps Next Generation 18 Mbps

Next-generation ISDB-T system (example) Bandwidth 5.57MHz Carrier modulation scheme 1024QAM-OFDM FFT size 8k (MODE3) Guard interval ratio 1/8 FEC (Error Correction) Inner Code: convolutional, r=3/4 Outer Code: RS(204,188) Pilot signals SP/CP: 8.3% AC/TMCC: 0.23% MIMO (Capacity expansion technology) 2 x 2 (dual polarization) Transmission Capacity 60.4Mbps SP: Scattered Pilot CP: Continual Pilot AC: Auxiliary Channel TMCC: Transmission and Mux. Configuration Control

Thank you for your attention. http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/english/ NHK STRL