Newborn – the first month

PHYSICAL FEATURES 3. Facial Features 9. Lanugo a. Eyes – grayish blue or dark, swollen, red splotches on white of eye, may be cross eyed, no tears for about 3 mths. b. Mouth – tiny jaw and chin, puffy cheeks, short tongue, dry lips. c. Nose – short, flat to make nursing easier d. Skin – blotchy, pink, dry and peeling, vernix, lanugo, loose and wrinkly, loose scalp, cold and blue due to poor circulation. 9. Lanugo Fuzzy hair covering the body to keep the fetus warm and to give the vernix something to adhere to.

6. Fontanels / Soft Spot Two open spaces in the baby’s skull to allow for movement during delivery and for the brain to grow. These will close together by 2 years old. Brain can triple in the first 2 years of life

19. Reflexes a. Rooting / Sucking – when cheek is Watch these Baby Reflexes 19. Reflexes a. Rooting / Sucking – when cheek is stroked, baby turns head and opens mouth. Sucking movements begin to begin eating. (helps baby find their food source) b. Grasping or Darwinian Palmar=Palm of hand touched and baby makes fist around it. Plantar =Bottom of toes touched and toes curl and tighten c. Moro (startle) – baby’s arms and legs thrown out, head falls back, and back extends d. Tonic Neck/ Fencing – fencer arm position, one arm back and one arm extended forwards. e. Babinski – sole of foot stroked and toes fan out g. Walking / Step – baby held under arms will make stepping motion. Babinski Rooting Walking Moro / startle Palmar Grasp Tonic Neck / Fencing

11. Marks Birth Marks, Angels Kiss, Stork Bite, Mongolian Spot 5. Low Birth Weight Born 5.5 lbs or less 8. Vernix Cheesy, waxy substance that covers body while in womb. Sticks to the lanugo. 10. Jaundice Yellow coloring in skin and eyes due to liver not working properly yet. 11. Marks Birth Marks, Angels Kiss, Stork Bite, Mongolian Spot Pink spots where blood vessels broke – usually go away

Mongolian Spot Stork Bite Angels Kiss

15. Swollen Genitals 4. Premature Size ( height and weight) Born before 37 weeks Size ( height and weight) - 7.5 lbs and 19” long Thin, wrinkly, splotchy, little body fat 15. Swollen Genitals Out of proportion in size due to the large amounts of mother’s hormones 7. Umbilical Cord Cord that connected the baby to the mother and gave the baby food and oxygen. Will fall off in 1-3 weeks.

2. Head to Body Proportions 16. Bones and Teeth Teeth usually not seen at birth. Bones are still rubber-like and can bend easily. Heal bone formed after birth, knee caps form about 2 years old, and there are 3 bones in a 1yo hand and wrist - 28 in yours. 12. Sucking Blister Callous in center of top lip 13. Milia Pimples due to oil glands beginning to work. Leave them alone (don’t pinch) or put a warm towel on them. They will last about 3 weeks. 14. Cradle Cap Dry, flaky, crusty scalp. Rub the scalp with a baby brush. 2. Head to Body Proportions Large head – ¼ body size, Rounded chest and protruding stomach, short legs compared to arms, Pelvis and hips are narrow. Legs pulled up and bowed out. Short neck.

18. Physical Abilities a. Head and Neck Control – weak neck muscles and big heavy head so the head fall backs. Support these. b. Motor Development – mostly reflexes at first, but soon gains control of their muscles.

17. Cognitive Abilities / Senses a. Smell – best developed sense. Knows smell of mom and mom’s milk. Likes sweet smells (vanilla) and makes a disgusted face if not like smell. b. Hearing – likes high pitched sounds and voices. Will turn towards parents voice. c. Taste – natural sweet tooth-avoid sugar. d. Touch – bond, love, feels safe and secure, communicates, improves antibodies e. See – weak limited vision 20/700 @ birth. Can see 8-15” away Sees color around 3-4 months

D. PROCEDURES 21. Blood Test 25. Feeding 23. Circumcision for Anemia/PKU/Cystic Fibrosis Done by heel prick and analyzes drops of blood 25. Feeding Choose between formula and breast milk. Pro’s and Con’s for both choices. 8-12x a day over 24 hours = will spend 3 hours of your day feeding. Their tiny stomachs only hold 2-3oz and they burn it off quickly so they need to eat often. 23. Circumcision Removal of foreskin around tip of penis. Optional procedure. Done for hygiene reasons.

APGAR Scoring for Newborns -Tests given to test babies physical skills, ability to adapt, and chance of survival. - A score is given for each sign at one minute and five minutes after the birth. If there are problems with the baby an additional score is given at 10 minutes. - A score of 7-10 is considered normal, while 4-7 might require some resuscitative measures, and a baby with apgars of 3 and below requires immediate resuscitation. Sign 0 Points 1 Point 2 Points A Activity (Muscle Tone) Absent Arms and Legs Flexed Active Movement P Pulse Below 100 bpm Above 100 bpm G Grimace (Reflex Irritability) No Response Grimace Sneeze, cough, pulls away Appearance (Skin Color) Blue-gray, pale all over Normal, except for extremities Normal over entire body R Respiration Slow, irregular Good, crying Copyright © 1994 - 1998 by Childbirth.org All rights reserved.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vtxsxv1BQek

27. Meconium 24. Sleeping 26. Bonding First bowel movement. Black tar like substance. Dangerous if released in womb Will spend about 1 hr of your day changing diapers 24. Sleeping Place baby on their back to prevent SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). Baby on a 4 month jet lag and will spend 17-20 hours sleeping, but not all at one time. Growing and developing is tiring. 26. Bonding Forms secure attachments, feelings of trust, safety, and strengthens the baby. Builds 5 areas of growth and development necessary for success in life. Watch this Bonding clip

- Is when Oxytocin causes milk to come into the mother’s breast. Silver Nitrate Antiseptic put in baby’s eyes to prevent infections that might have passed from the mother during the vaginal delivery. Ie: gonococcus 28. Let Down reflex - Is when Oxytocin causes milk to come into the mother’s breast. 29. Who is the Pediatrician? The doctor that cares for the baby / child while it is growing up. T. Berry Brazelton, M.D.