Chapter 6 American Pageant, 13 th. ed The Duel for North America

Remember… 3 points of European contact in North America France (Quebec, Canada) Spain (Southwest & Florida) England (Eastern seaboard)

Les français Louis XIV leads imperial charge for land in the New World Samuel de Champlain settled area in New France (Canada) at Quebec (1608) Economically relied on fur trade; made nice with Native American tribes except Iroquois 66_champlain_770.jpg

The French enter the picture French control descended into Ohio River Valley and led to the founding many familiar places: Louisiana (territory) Detroit Des Moines St. Louis Baton Rouge New Orleans

French & British tensions escalate In Europe & Canada fighting erupted between Fr. & GB (late 1600s) King Williams’ War Queen Anne’s War Spain took France’s side, in Europe & later America Both Britain & France had Indian tribes on their side in Canada & America; colonists backed Britain (that’s right) Britain will gain upper hand & trade with Spanish in America & Caribbean

War of Jenkin’s Ear British Captain Robert Jenkins’ ship boarded by Spanish guard (revenue authority) Jenkins’ ear severed & war began between Britain & Spain; fought in Caribbean & Georgia Turned into King George’s War (War of Austrian succession) Colonists invade New France b/c France backed Spain map-fr.svg/484px-War_of_Jenkins'_Ear_map-fr.svg.png

Tensions grow (again) between Britain & France Conflict directly over Ohio Valley Virginian colonists had “rights” to this land (from Britain); expected to expand French had already started building forts along Ohio River (PA to IL) “It’s mine.” “No, it’s mine!” 21-year old George Washington & small Virginia militia head for disputed area near Fort Duquesne (map, pg. 112) Washington defeated at Fort Necessity (7/4/1754)

Seven Years’ War, Ignited by Washington’s defeat at Ft. Necessity Primarily fought in Europe Extended into colonial holdings (Africa, West Indies) Britain & Prussia vs. France, Spain, Austria & Russia

French & Indian War, Albany Congress formed in America (by order of Britain) 7/13 colonies attended; let’s play nice with Iroquois Indians Attempt at unity “Join or die” (Ben Franklin) Proposed home rule for colonies Britain nor colonies were ready for that

French & Indian War, British General Edward “Bulldog” Braddock came to colonies Tried to take Fort Duquesne with Washington; failed against French & Indians; Braddock killed, Washington promoted

Ending the French & Indian War British General William Pitt focused on New France (Louisbourg, Quebec, Montreal) & won Treaty of Paris (1763) ended war French lost New France & Ohio Valley Spain lost Florida, but retained Cuba France ceded Louisiana to Spain for helping 63 Land ceded to Britain from France

Ending the French & Indian War Great Britain emerged as “THE” power in North America; colonists get pumped!!! Native Americans lost French & Spanish allies  Ohio Valley: Chief Pontiac (Ottawa tribe) w/French fur traders led raids on British to no avail Colonists want to move West; British issue Proclamation of 1763 No Westward expansion past Appalachians Colonists see this as more rules to follow What will happen next…hmmm.