Author: Jonathan Trobe, MD, 2009 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0.

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Author: Jonathan Trobe, MD, 2009 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License: We have reviewed this material in accordance with U.S. Copyright Law and have tried to maximize your ability to use, share, and adapt it. The citation key on the following slide provides information about how you may share and adapt this material. Copyright holders of content included in this material should contact with any questions, corrections, or clarification regarding the use of content. For more information about how to cite these materials visit Any medical information in this material is intended to inform and educate and is not a tool for self-diagnosis or a replacement for medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional. Please speak to your physician if you have questions about your medical condition. Viewer discretion is advised: Some medical content is graphic and may not be suitable for all viewers.

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COMMON EYE SYMPTOMS Jonathan D. Trobe, MD Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology University of Michigan Medical School

Causes of Transient Visual Loss Monocular 1. If abrupt onset, usually ischemia to retina or optic nerve 2. Local causes: papilledema or impending retinal or optic nerve vascular occlusion 3. Remote causes: cervical carotid artery stenosis or systemic hypotension

Intraluminal Retinal Artery (Hollenhorst) Plaque Source Undetermined

Causes of Transient Visual Loss Binocular 1. Visual cortex ischemia 2. Migraine

Source Undetermined

S. Jähnichen (Wikimedia Commons)

Causes of Acute Persistent Visual Loss 1.Vitreous hemorrhage 2. Retinal detachment 3. Retinal hemorrhage 4. Retinal infection 5. Retinal artery occlusion

Causes of Acute Persistent Visual Loss 6. Optic nerve infarction (ischemic optic neuropathy) 7. Optic neuritis 8. Optic nerve compression/infiltration by cancer

Causes of Acute Persistent Visual Loss 9. Occipital lobe infarction

Causes of Acute Persistent Visual Loss 10. Psychogenic illness

Vitreous Hemorrhage Source Undetermined

Retinal Detachment Source Undetermined

Retinal Detachment Source Undetermined

Macular Hemorrhage Source Undetermined

Macular Infection Source Undetermined

Retinal Artery Occlusion Source Undetermined

Normal Retina Source Undetermined

Retinal Vein Occlusion Source Undetermined

Optic Nerve Infarction Source Undetermined

Optic Neuritis Source Undetermined

Occipital Lobe Infarction Source Undetermined

Causes of Flashes of Light Monocular 1. Vitreoretinal traction 2. Impending retinal vascular occlusion Binocular 1. Migraine 2. Occipital lobe ischemia

Source Undetermined

S. Jähnichen (Wikimedia Commons)

Causes of Floaters Aging or myopic vitreous Vitreous detachment Vitreous hemorrhage Vitreous inflammation

Source Undetermined

Causes of Diplopia Binocular 1.Ocular misalignment 2.Psychogenic Monocular 1. Uncorrected refractive error 2. Corneal lesion 3. Cataract

Trobe, J. The Physician’s Guide to Eye Care. 3e. American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2006.

Causes of Optic Disc Excavation Physiologic Glaucoma Other optic neuropathies

Source Undetermined

Slide 5 – Source Undetermined Slide 7 – Source Undetermined Slide 8 – “Beginning aura of a migraine” S. Jähnichen (Wikimedia Commons) replaced an image of an aura forming around a wrist watch from Trobe, J. The Physician’s Guide to Eye Care. 3e. American Academy of Ophthalmology, Slide 9 – “Mid-stage of migraine aura” S. Jähnichen (Wikimedia Commons) replaced an image of an aura forming around a wrist watch from Trobe, J. The Physician’s Guide to Eye Care. 3e. American Academy of Ophthalmology, Slide 10 – “Full aura of migraine” S. Jähnichen (Wikimedia Commons) replaced an image of an aura forming around a wrist watch from Trobe, J. The Physician’s Guide to Eye Care. 3e. American Academy of Ophthalmology, Slide 15 – Source Undetermined Slide 16 – Source Undetermined Slide 17 – Source Undetermined Slide 18 – Source Undetermined Slide 19 – Source Undetermined Slide 20 – Source Undetermined Slide 21 – Source Undetermined Slide 22 – Source Undetermined Slide 23 – Source Undetermined Slide 24 – Source Undetermined Slide 25 – Source Undetermined Slide 26 – Source Undetermined Slide 27 – Source Undetermined Slide 28 – Source Undetermined Slide 29 – Source Undetermined Additional Source Information for more information see:

Slide 31 – Source Undetermined Slide 32 – Source Undetermined Slide 33 – “Mid-stage of migraine aura” S. Jähnichen (Wikimedia Commons) replaced an image of an aura forming around a wrist watch from Trobe, J. The Physician’s Guide to Eye Care. 3e. American Academy of Ophthalmology, Slide 35 – Source Undetermined Slide 37 – Trobe, J. The Physician’s Guide to Eye Care. 3e. American Academy of Ophthalmology, Slide 39 – Source Undetermined Slide 40 – Source Undetermined Slide 41 – Source Undetermined Additional Source Information for more information see: