© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 1 The Natural Environment As Stakeholder Search the Web Valuable information for dealing with environ- mental stakeholders can be found at Enviro- Link Network’s web site:

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 2 Chapter Thirteen Objectives Discuss why natural environmental issues are complex Describe the eight major natural environment issues Describe the NIMBY environmental problem Discuss the roles that business and government play in environmental issues Explain the concept of environmental ethics

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 3 Chapter Thirteen Outline The Natural Environment Impact of Business on the Natural Environment Natural Environmental Issues Responsibility for Environmental Issues The Role of Governments in Environmental Issues Other Environmental Stakeholders Business Environmentalism The Future of Business Summary

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 4 Introduction to Chapter Thirteen Environment Carrying Capacity Entropy Ecosystem Niche Cycle Threshold Pollution Irreversibility Sustainability Important Environmental Terms

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 5 Business Impact on the Environment Debate Pollution vs. productivity

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 6 Eight Environmental Issues Ozone depletion Global warming Solid and hazardous wastes Fresh water quantity and quality Degradation of marine environments Deforestation Land degradation Endangerment of biological diversity

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 7 Other Environmental Issues Air/rain pollution Indoor air pollution Energy efficiency Toxic substances Radon pollution Noise pollution Aesthetic pollution

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 8 Other Environmental Issues PollutantsHealth Concerns OzoneRespiratory tract and lung problems ParticulatesEye, throat and lung damage Carbon monoxide Cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases Silver dioxideRespiratory tract problems LeadBrain damage—especially in children Nitrogen dioxideRespiratory illness and lung damage Effects of Air Pollutants

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 9 Responsibility for Environmental Issues Not In My Back Yard (NIMBY) Environmental ethics –Green values Life on earth to continue Natural justice should be done by all Pursue nonmaterial qualities of life –Other ethical theories

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 10 The Role of Governments in Environmental Issues Responses of Governments in Canada Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) – Policy goals Air quality legislation –National Ambient Air Quality Objectives (NAAQOs) –Canada-Wide Standards (CWSs)

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 11 The Role of Governments in Environmental Issues Responses of Governments in Canada Water quality legislation –Canada Water Act (1970) –Canadian Environmental Protection Act (1999) –Fisheries Act –Navigable Water Protection Act –Yukon Waters Act and Northwest Territories Waters Act –Canada Shipping Act –Dominion Water Power Act

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 12 The Role of Governments in Environmental Issues Responses of Governments in Canada Land-related legislation –Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) focuses on pollution prevention and protection of the environment, human life, and health from the risks associated with toxic substances

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 13 The Role of Governments in Environmental Issues International Government Responses United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) –Montreal Protocol –Kyoto Protocol

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. APEC Statement on Global Warming APEC Leaders Adopt Global Warming Statement By VOA News 08-September-2007 An unidentified man is ordered to back away from police following a disturbance during a protest demonstration in downtown Sydney, 8 Sep 2007Asia-Pacific leaders have ended the first day of their two-day summit in Sydney, Australia, by agreeing to work on reducing climate-changing greenhouse gas emissions. Australian Prime Minister John Howard said the 21 economies on Saturday agreed to adopt what he called "aspirational" goals to reduce emissions, with all nations contributing according to their own capacities. They did not adopt firm emission-reduction targets. Environmentalists had called on the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group to set some firm reduction targets, instead of non-binding goals. But many governments -- including the United States, China and Australia -- opposed such an agreement. Their statement, also called the "Sydney Declaration," sets a target for reducing what is known as "energy intensity" by 25 percent by Energy intensity is a measure of the energy efficiency of a nation's economy. 14

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 15 Other Environmental Stakeholders Interest groups include: Radicals Mainstreamers Accommodators

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 16 Other Environmental Stakeholders Green consumers Green employees Green investors

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 17 Business Environmentalism Use of corporate examples Environmental and financial performance Systematic business responses to the environmental challenges: –Generic management decision-making tools –Cost-benefit analysis –Risk management –Strategic environmental management

© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 18 Future of Business: Greening or Growing? Two Important Questions Can the earth support a high consumption Western lifestyle? If not, what are the implications for business and how can business respond?