UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION

- ENABLING MARKET ACCESS - Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation Presented by - Alberto Di Liscia, Assistant Director-General Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON TRADE FACILITATION May, in Geneva UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION

Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations Enabling Market Access Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO LDCs SHARE OF GLOBAL TRADE: 1970 – 1.52% 1998 – 0.58%

Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations Enabling Market Access Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES HAVE NOT INCREASED THEIR TRADE BECAUSE: They have serious shortfalls in capacity They face major non-tariff barriers to trade

Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations Enabling Market Access Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO CAPACITY SHORTFALLS Supply: unable to produce goods of competitive quality and quantity. Standards: often incompatible with international standards. Metrology and testing: no recognized laboratory capacities. Trade: little say in international trade agreements Marketing and export promotion: unable to identify and attract target consumers

MARKET ACCESS FACILITATION INTERNATIONAL RULES FOR TRADE TRANSPORTATION & TRANSIT TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (TBT) NON – TARIFF BARRIERS AFFECTING MARKET ACCESS SANITARY & PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES (SPS) REGISTRATION, DOCUMENTATION & CUSTOMS ISSUES INVESTMENT & FINANCIAL MATTERS

Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations Enabling Market Access Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO TBT and SPS: Add to product specifications – increase production costs Require greater institutional and personnel resources: To access the regulations To establish conforming standards To present accredited certification Used as non-tariff barriers to trade

Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations Enabling Market Access Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO UNIDO’S CONTRIBUTION Upgrade supply capacities Provide quality, standardization and accreditation/ certification services Cooperate with WTO, UNCTAD and ITC and others to help overcome Non tariff Barriers to trade

Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations Enabling Market Access Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO UNIDO’s Trade Facilitation & Market Access Programmes Strategic choices: Engage with regional economic integration processes Focus on sectors and products with high export potential Draw on strategic alliances with other organizations

REGISTRATION,DOCUMENTATION &CUSTOMS ISSUES SANITARY & PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES (SPS) TECHNICAL BARRIERSTO TRADE (TBT) MARKET ACCESS FACILITATION INTERNATIONALRULES FOR TRADE TRANSPORTATION& TRANSIT INVESTMENT ANDFINANCIAL MATTERS enterprise competitiveness- UNIDO,ITC WTO agreement for trade – ITC product & market development – ITC trade negotiation techniques – UNCTAD trade disputes – WTO trade agreements – WTO,UNCTAD Dumping practices – WTO Intellectual property – WIPO servicesDFI regulations – IMF,UNIDO banking – WB foreign exchange measuressubsidiesforeign investment taxesprofit repatriation limits registry procedures- IMO,ICAO airport services – ICAO taxesharbour services – IMO inspection NON – TARIFF BARRIERS AFFECTING MARKET ACCESS certification systems- ITC product development – UNIDO,ITC,FAO process inspection – UNIDO National Enquiry Points – ITC packaging and labeling – ITC international standards – UNIDO,ISO,ITC tests & calibration – UNIDO storage – UNIDO environmental systems – UNIDO,UNEP accreditation (labs & personnel) UNIDO local content schemes – UNIDO,ISO,ITC Domestic requirements- ITC Internat Plant Protection Conv. (IPPC)health (HACCP) – WHO Codex Alimentarius (CAC) – FAO,WHO Intl. Office of Epizootics (IOE)biosafety (GMO)other TBT related – UNIDO licencescustoms clearance – UNCTAD custom valuation – UNCTAD,WTO warehousingprohibitionsDomestic taxation of goodsquotas, prices

Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations Enabling Market Access Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO Trade versus Aid: LDC export earnings: US$ 25 billion Annual aid: US$ 12 billion Annual FDI: US$ 5 billion

Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations Enabling Market Access Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO BENEFITS OF BARRIER - FREE TRADE The EU’s ‘Everything but arms’ Initiative’ could bring an LDC growth rate of 15-20% = US$ 5 billion per year 50% reduction in trade barriers: All developing countries would gain $ 100 billion per year

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION