English 306A; Harris 1 Syntax Word patterns. English 306A; Harris 2 Syntactic arguments Syntactic form Sentence patterns Grammatical roles Phrase structure.

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Presentation transcript:

English 306A; Harris 1 Syntax Word patterns

English 306A; Harris 2 Syntactic arguments Syntactic form Sentence patterns Grammatical roles Phrase structure rules Hierarchical structure Syntactic functions Event schemata Semantic roles Salience “Energy” flow NV NP VPVP S Homer preens DOING Agent: Homer

English 306A; Harris 3 Linear Sequence English basic sentence patterns (p.89) V 1 V 2 V 3 V COP V COMP V T-COMP Intransitive Transitive Ditransitive Copulative Complement Transitive-complement 1 argument 2 arguments 3 arguments 2 arguments (1= complement) 2 argument (1=complement) 3 arguments (1=complement)

English 306A; Harris 4 S  NP VP Homer preens. Homer loves his blanket. Homer throws the dog a bone. Homer is sexy. Homer goes to the bar. Homer throws a bone to the dog. V 1 V 2 V 3 V COP V COMP V T-COMP NPsVPs

English 306A; Harris 5 S  NP VP Homer preens. Homer loves his blanket. Homer throws the dog a bone. Homer is sexy. Homer goes to the bar. Homer throws a bone to the dog. V 1 V 2 V 3 V COP V COMP V T-COMP NPsVPs

English 306A; Harris 6 Basic English phrase structure S  NP  AP  PP  VP  NP VP (Det) (AP)* N (PP) (Deg) A P NP (Aux) V (NP) (NP) (PP)* VP COP  (Aux) V COP AP NP PP

English 306A; Harris 7 Phrase Structure Rules X  YX “is a” Y X YX precedes Y (X)X is optional X*X iterates: 1 - ∞ Xs X X or Y Y

English 306A; Harris 8 S  NP VP Phrase Structure Rules Hierarchy Linear Sequence

English 306A; Harris 9 Structural analysis Adjective blackboard Noun black board N NP A LexicalSyntactic AP

English 306A; Harris 10 Phrase structure Syntactic analysis N NP DetA theblack board AP

English 306A; Harris 11 Phrase structure Syntactic analysis N NP DegA theblack boardvery Det AP

English 306A; Harris 12 Homer is sexy Sexy Homer

English 306A; Harris 13 Linear Sequence Sexy Homer N V COP Adj Homer is sexy

English 306A; Harris 14 Hierarchy Sexy Homer N V COP Adj NP AP VP COP Homer is sexy

English 306A; Harris 15 Hierarchy Sexy Homer N V COP Adj NP AP VP COP S Homer is sexy

English 306A; Harris 16 Hierarchy Sexy Homer N V COP Adj NP AP VP COP S Copular verb phrase Homer is sexy

English 306A; Harris 17 Hierarchy Sexy Homer NV COP N NP VP COP S Copular verb phrase Homer is a sexpot Det

English 306A; Harris 18 Hierarchy Sexy Homer NV COP N NP PP VP COP S Homer is in trouble P NP Copular verb phrase

English 306A; Harris 19 Phrase structure Hierarchical & Linear Structure N NP DegA theblack boardvery Det AP Hierachy Linear sequence

English 306A; Harris 20 NDegA la planchetrès noire Det AP NP Phrase structure Hierarchical & Linear Structure Linear sequence Hierachy

English 306A; Harris 21 Linear Sequence The preening Homer Homer preens

English 306A; Harris 22 Linear Sequence The preening Homer NV Homer preens

English 306A; Harris 23 Hierarchy The preening Homer NV NPVP Homer preens

English 306A; Harris 24 Hierarchy The preening Homer NV NPVP S Homer preens

English 306A; Harris 25 Hierarchy The preening Homer NV NPVP S Homer preens Intransitive verb phrase

English 306A; Harris 26 Linear Sequence The loving Homer Homer loves his blanket

English 306A; Harris 27 Linear Sequence The loving Homer NVDetN Homer loves his blanket

English 306A; Harris 28 Hierarchy The loving Homer NVDetN NP Homer loves his blanket

English 306A; Harris 29 Hierarchy The loving Homer NVDetN NP VP NP Homer loves his blanket

English 306A; Harris 30 Hierarchy The loving Homer NVDetN NP VP S NP Homer loves his blanket

English 306A; Harris 31 Hierarchy The loving Homer NVDetN NP VP S NP Homer loves his blanket Transitive verb phrase

English 306A; Harris 32 Linear Sequence Homer’s eating habits The big bald guy eats crap

English 306A; Harris 33 Linear Sequence Homer’s eating habits NVDetNAdj The big bald guy eats crap

English 306A; Harris 34 Hierarchy Homer’s eating habits NVDetNAdj NPAP NP The big bald guy eats crap

English 306A; Harris 35 Hierarchy Homer’s eating habits NVDetNAdj VP NPAP NP The big bald guy eats crap

English 306A; Harris 36 Hierarchy Homer’s eating habits NVDetNAdj NPAP NPVP S The big bald guy eats crap

English 306A; Harris 37 Structural ambiguity I saw the man from the store. 1. I was in the store, I looked out the window, and I saw the man: “from the store” modifies ‘saw’. 2.The man is associated with the store, and I saw him: “from the store” modifies ‘the man’.

English 306A; Harris 38 Structural ambiguity Same linear sequence same, different hierarchy I saw the man from the store. Pro NPNP V VP N P S PDetN I saw the man from the store. Pro VNPDetN NP NPNP VP P S

English 306A; Harris 39 Pro NPNP V VP S Pro V NP NPNP VP P S I saw the man from the store. Structural ambiguity Same linear sequence same, different hierarchy

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