Discovering the Legacy of the New Deal

Pair-Share “If you were FDR what would you do to get the country out of the depression and help those who need it?

11.6 Students analyze the different explanations for the Great Depression and how the New Deal fundamentally changed the role of the federal government. 2. Understand the explanations of the principal causes of the Great Depression and the steps taken by the Federal Reserve, Congress, and Presidents Herbert Hoover and Franklin Delano Roosevelt to combat the economic crisis. 4. Analyze the effects of and the controversies arising from New Deal economic policies and the expanded role of the federal government in society and the economy since the 1930s (e.g., Works Progress Administration, Social Security, National Labor Relations Board, farm programs, regional development policies, and energy development projects such as the Tennessee Valley Authority, California Central Valley Project, and Bonneville Dam).

Objective: Students will be able to analyze the New Deal programs by completing a gallery walk.

Film Clip: The First 100 Days

What were FDR’s 3 R’s? Relief: The government will give direct help or relief to those who are suffering Recovery The government will provide jobs to help Americans recover from the Depression Reform The government will regulate (make rules) for business

Directions You and your partner will complete a gallery walk of New Deal programs. As you read about the different New Deal programs you will complete the corresponding worksheet. It is essential that you understand not only what the program did but how the program affected society. Also, be sure to think about whether the program was considered to be RELIEF, OR RECOVERY REFORM Let’s do the first one together.

Aid to the Elderly (Social Security) The New Deal provided care for the elderly under the Social Security Act, referred to by one scholar as the “most important single piece of social welfare legislation [law] in American history”. The act required the federal government to provide financial support for most retired workers, ages 65 and over. The government created a pool of money from which to pay the old-age benefits by imposing a one percent social security tax on U.S. employees’ wages, half of which was paid by the worker’s employer. Before 1942-the year social security payments went into effect-the federal government provided up to $15 a month in aid to elderly poor. After 1942 social security ranged from $10 to $85 per month, depending on the wages the employee had earned before he or she retired. The very first social security payment issued by the government was only 12 cents. The Social Security Act also provided aid to the disabled, mothers and their dependent children and the unemployed. Most forms of social security established by the New Deal continued to exist in the United States in the 1990s, including aid to the elderly. In the late 1990s, American workers and their employees paid a social security tax of approximately 12 percent. In 1995 the maximum monthly payment for a retiree was about $1,200.

A: Aid to the Elderly Social Security RELIEF

B: Aid to Farmers Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) RECOVERY

C: Direct Relief Federal Emergency Act

D: Regulation of Banks Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) REFORM

E: Investment in Youth National Youth Administration RELIEF

F: Jobs Programs Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Civil Works Administration (CWA) Works Progress Administration (WPA) RECOVERY

Bonneville Dam -The dam is located 40 miles east of Portland, Oregon, in the Columbia River Gorge. -The primary functions of Bonneville Lock and Dam are electrical power generation and river navigation. -Bonneville Lock and Dam is named for Army Capt. Benjamin Bonneville, an early explorer credited with charting much of the Oregon Trail.

California Central Valley Project It was devised in 1933 in order to provide irrigation and municipal water to much of California's Central Valley—by regulating and storing water in reservoirs in the water-rich northern half of the state, and transporting it to the water-poor San Joaquin Valley and its surrounds by means of a series of canals, aqueducts and pump plants, some shared with the California State Water Project.

G: Promotion of Worker’s Rights The Wagner Act REFORM

H: Public Housing Public Works Administration (PWA) RELIEF

I: Public Works Public Works Administration (PWA) RECOVERY

J: Regulation of Stock Market Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) REFORM J: Regulation of Stock Market Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC)

K: Rural Electrification Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) REFORM

L: Support for the Arts Federal Art Project RELIEF

Wrap- Up Complete graphic organizer Graphically organize the New Deal programs into either: RELIEF REFORM Or RECOVERY

Relief Recovery Reform Social Security The Agricultural Adjustment Act Federal Emergency Act National Youth Administration Federal Art Project The Agricultural Adjustment Act Works Progress Administration Civilian Conservation Corps Civil Works Administration Public Works Administration Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. National Labors Relations Act Securities & Exchange Commission Tennessee Valley Authority Wagner Act

Impact of the New Deal

Assessing the New Deal: Did it Work? Positive Drop of unemployment Drop of business failures Increase in confidence in banks Help for farmers Aided millions Negative Federal debt increased Unemployment was high GDP grew at a sluggish rate WWII took U.S. out of depression

The positive effects of the New Deal are ________________ Pair-Share The positive effects of the New Deal are ________________ Some criticisms of the New Deal would be ____________________

Pair-Share Person A The Great Depression ___________________________ To help combat the effects of the Great Depression FDR created a program of Relief, _______________and ________________. Person B This program was called the ______ _________. Relief is ____________ On the other hand Reform is _________ Recovery is different than relief and reform because _____________