Guadalupe Jaramillo Psychology Period:3

 Post-traumatic stress disorder is a type of anxiety disorder. It can occur after you've seen or experienced a traumatic event that involved the threat of injury or death.  Traumatic Experience- disastrous or an extremely painful event that has severe psychological and physiological effects.

 excessive guilt  rapid emotional fluctuations  spacey, confused, or as if in a daze self-destructive and impulsive  weak, nauseated, achy (somatic/bodily complaints)  a sense of ineffectiveness, shame, despair, or hopelessness  permanently damaged  a loss of previous beliefs  constantly threatened or on guard  changes in personality

 Acute. This specifier should be used when the duration of symptoms is less than 3 months.  Chronic. This specifier should be used when the symptoms last 3 months or longer.  With Delayed Onset. This specifier indicates that at least 6 months have passed between the traumatic event and the onset of the symptoms.

 Associated descriptive features and mental disorders. Individuals with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder may describe painful guilt feelings about surviving when others did not survive or about the things they had to do to survive. Phobic avoidance of situations or activities that resemble or symbolize the original trauma may interfere with interpersonal relationships and lead to marital conflict, divorce, or loss of job. The following associated constellation of symptoms may occur and are more commonly seen in association with an interpersonal stressor (e.g., childhood sexual or physical abuse, domestic battering, being taken hostage, incarceration as a prisoner of war or in a concentration camp, torture): impaired complaints; feelings of ineffectiveness, shame, despair, or hopelessness; feeling permanently damaged; a loss of previously sustained beliefs, hostility; social withdrawal; feeling constantly threatened; impaired relationships with others; or a change from the individual's previous personality characteristics.  There may be increased risk of Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder, Social Phobia, Specific Phobia, Major Depressive Disorder, Somatization Disorder, and Substance-Related Disorders. It is not known to what extent these disorders precede or follow the onset of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

War Loud noise fear -A classical conditioning to fear - For example.. -The cause of PTSD is that the brain detects that something is amiss, it seems to generate a mental hiccup of repeating thoughts and actions

 Approximately 8% of the U.S population  Women:10.4 %  Men 5 %  Although, 60.7 percent of men and 51.2 percent of women reported at least one traumatic event

 Antipsychotics-Used to relieve severe anxiety and related problems, such as difficulty sleeping or emotional outbursts.  Antidepressants. These medications can help symptoms of both depression and anxiety. As well as helping to improve your concentration.  Anti-anxiety medications. can improve feelings of anxiety and stress.  Prazosin. If your symptoms include insomnia or recurrent nightmares, blocks the brain's response to an adrenaline-like brain chemical called norepinephrine. Although this drug is not specifically approved for the treatment of PTSD, prazosin may reduce or suppress nightmares in many people with PTSD

 Cognitive therapy. This type of talk therapy helps you recognize the ways of thinking  Exposure therapy. This behavioral therapy technique helps you safely face the very thing that you find frightening, so that you can learn to cope with it effectively.  Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). This type of therapy combines exposure therapy with a series of guided eye movements that help you process traumatic memories.

 Commit suicide  Their brain may continue damaging if not treated  They may lose their job and/or family due to their irritability, anxiety, or numbness interfering with their ability to love and to work.  Most likely to develop other disorders  May improve if the disorder is slim

 Halgin, R.P.& Whitebourne, S.K.(2005). Abnormal Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders New York, NY: Worth publishers Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.(2011). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Retrieve from stress-disorder/ds00246/dsection=treatments-and- drugs stress-disorder/ds00246/dsection=treatments-and- drugs

- How do you see Classical Conditioning in PTSD ? - If one of your family members went to war and came back home with PTSD, how do you think you would approach them ? - What are some examples that may lead a person to PTSD?